Leonid Alfonsovich Gafner (sometimes Gaffner [1] [2] ; January 17 ( 29 ), 1865 , Russian Empire - April 7, 1934 , Shanghai ) - Colonel of the Russian Imperial Army , Major General of the White Movement (1919), participant in the Great Siberian Ice Campaign ( 1920), chief of staff of the Grodekovsky separate group of forces (1921); Chairman of the Officers' Assembly in Shanghai (1927-1934).
| Leonid Alfonsovich Gafner | |||||
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| Date of Birth | |||||
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| Affiliation |  Russian empire | ||||
| Type of army | infantry | ||||
| Years of service | 1885-1922 | ||||
| Rank | Colonel Major General (White Movement) | ||||
| Commanded | Chief of Staff of the Grodekov Group of Forces | ||||
| Battles / wars | World War I | ||||
| Awards and prizes |
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| Retired | Chairman of the Officer Assembly in Shanghai | ||||
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Awards
- 3 Family
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
Biography
Leonid Gafner was born on January 17 ( 29 ), 1865 in the territory of the Russian Empire in a noble family. He completed secondary education in Akkerman classical gymnasium in 1884 [2] , after which he entered the Odessa infantry cadet school , which he graduated in 1887. In 1888 he was promoted to officer. He served in the 55th Podolsky Infantry Regiment; took part in the Russo-Japanese War , for the difference in which he was awarded two military orders [3] .
He was later transferred to the 191st Largo-Kagul Infantry Regiment [3] ; according to January 1915, he was the captain of the 331rd Orsk Infantry Regiment [4] , formed after the outbreak of World War I from the frame of the 191st regiment. Then he was promoted to the rank of colonel ; served in this rank in the 520th Tikhobuzh Infantry Regiment [5] [6] .
After two revolutions and the outbreak of the Civil War, Gafner was in the white forces of the Eastern Front . Then, according to data as of January 30, 1919, he was an assistant to the chief of supply for the headquarters of the Russian troops of the Western Front. After that, he served as general for errands under the command of the Southern Army of the Eastern Front. On July 11, Gafner rose to the rank of general: he became a major general . In early 1920, he became a member of the Great Siberian Ice Camp [5] [6] .
From April to August 1920, Leonid Gafner served as the duty general of the headquarters of the Far Eastern Army : on April 19 it was he who signed the “Regulation on the Special Rights and Benefits of the Knights of the Military Order“ For the Great Siberian Campaign “ ” [7] . After which he served as the duty general of the headquarters of the troops of the Russian Eastern Outskirts . After that, Gafner was the chief of staff of the Third Separate Rifle Brigade. From December 15 to December 27, 1921 he was the chief of staff of the Grodekovsky separate group of forces [8] . March 23, 1922 he was appointed to the post of general for assignments under the commander of the Second Rifle Corps, then the duty general of the headquarters of the troops of the Russian Eastern Outskirts - under General Sergei Wojciechowski [5] [6] .
At the end of the active hostilities of the Civil War, Gafner was in exile in China [1] . From September 1, 1925 he was a member of the infantry section of the Union of Serving in the Russian Army and Navy in Shanghai (according to September 1, 1928, he was still part of this section). According to information on June 28, 1930, he was a senior infantry group, as well as a member of the court of honor and the Officers' Assembly in Shanghai. According to some reports, from 1927 to 1934, he was chairman of the Shanghai Officer Assembly [9] [10] . He was also a member of the Russian National Community (RNO), where he was elected a member of its Council, as well as a member of the Bureau for Organization of the National Community. In 1933, L. A. Gafner was elected vice-chairman of the Council of the United Russian Organizations of Shanghai. In addition, he was chairman of the revision committee of the Shanghai Russian Charity Society [2] .
He died on April 7, 1934 in Shanghai [5] [6] and was buried in the Liu Kavei Cemetery .
Rewards
- Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree (1905): with the inscription "for courage" [3]
- Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree with swords (1905) [3]
- Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree with swords (1915): "for differences in matters against the enemy" [4]
- Badge of the Military Order "For the Great Siberian Campaign" 1st degree (April 27, 1920, certificate No. 17) [11]
Family
Leonid Gafner was married; the family had a daughter [6] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Khisamutdinov, 2000 , p. 85.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tula Regional Library, 2011 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 List to captains, 1912 , p. 404.
- ↑ 1 2 Scout, 1915 , p. four.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Wolves, Egorov, Kuptsov, 2003 , p. 74.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Wolves, 2016 , p. 104.
- ↑ Rudichenko, 2005 , p. 216.
- ↑ Volkov, 2002 , p. 122, 144.
- ↑ Zhiganov, 2008 .
- ↑ Officers ’meeting in Shanghai, 1941 , p. 1-11.
- ↑ Rudichenko, 2005 , p. 223.
Literature
- Gafner Leonid Alfonsovich // White Generals of the Eastern Front of the Civil War: Biographical Reference / E.V. Volkov , N.D. Egorov, I.V. Kuptsov. - M .: Russian Way , 2003 .-- 239 p. - ISBN 5-85887-169-0 .
- Volkov S.V. White movement. Encyclopedia of Civil War. - SPb. : “Neva”, 2002. - 671 p. - ISBN 5-7654-1810-4 .
- Zhiganov V. D. Essay on the Russian charity // Russian in Shanghai: album / Prep. ed. and foreword. V.P. Leonov and Yu. V. Shestakov; will enter. Art. N.P. Rozhdestvenskaya. - SPb. : BAN, Alpharet , 2008 .-- 288 p. - ISBN 978-5-235-02801-2 .
- Rudichenko A. I. List of the first awarded the insignia of the military order “For the Great Siberian Campaign” // Awards and badges of the White armies and governments / A. I. Rudichenko, V. A. Durov. - M .: Star and Cross, 2005 .-- 423 p. - (Civil war in Russia 1917-1922). - ISBN 5-902-468-01-9 .
- Khisamutdinov A.A. Gaffner // Russian emigration in the Asia-Pacific region and South America: a biobibliographer. words. / entry Art. author ; foreword P. Polanski. - Vladivostok: Publishing House of the Far Eastern University, 2000. - 384 p. - ISBN 5-7444-1105-4 .
- Officers' meeting in Shanghai, 1926–1941, XV. - Shanghai: type. The Word, 1941.
- Volkov S.V. Participants of the White Movement in Russia (letter "G") . Database number 2 . On the site of historian S.V. Volkov S. 104 .
- Highest orders // Scout : magazine / Edited by V.A. Berezovsky . - SPb. : Type of. Trenke and Fyusno, 1915. - January 27 ( No. 1264 ). - S. 4 .
- Leonid Alfonsovich Gafner (1865-1934) // Corporation of Universal Scientific Libraries / Tula Regional Universal Scientific Library. - 2011. - No. 8271 .
- List of captains of the army infantry by seniority. Done on November 1, 1912. - SPb. : Military printing house (in the building of the General Staff Building), 1912. - P. 404.