Rene Grousset ( fr. René Grousset ; September 5, 1885, Ob ( Gard ) - September 12, 1952, Paris ) - French Orientalist and art historian, member of the French Academy .
| Rene Grusset | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| fr. René grousset | |||
 | |||
| Date of Birth | September 5, 1885 | ||
| Place of Birth | Both | ||
| Date of death | September 12, 1952 (67 years old) | ||
| Place of death | Paris | ||
| A country | |||
| Scientific field | historian | ||
| Alma mater | |||
| Awards and prizes | Great Gober Prize (1935)
| ||
Content
Biography
The son of Louis Xavier Rene Grusset (1860-1885), a teacher at the Faculty of Literature at the University of Grenoble , and Anna Marie Theresa Constance Mans (1860—).
He spent his childhood in Zhevodan with his grandfather, Marie Rene Octave Gruss (1852-1916), a landowner and a long-term village mayor. Having received a diploma of historian and geographer in Montpellier , he went to Paris, where in 1912 he became an editor in the Directorate of Fine Arts , in the department of architecture of Paul Leon . Then he became the head of the department; in parallel with administrative work, he prepared his first scientific work by 1914: The History of Asia, published in 1922. Already then, Grusset determined the main goal of his scientific activity - to convey to the educated public the latest achievements of Orientalism [1] .
During the First World War, he served as a sergeant in the 81st Infantry Regiment; on March 5, 1915, during the First Champagne Battle, he was seriously wounded in battle, heading his own unit during the assault on the Bosejour fortification (near Perth-le-Yurly in the Marne department). After this wound, he could no longer return to duty, and ended the war as an orderly.
After the war, he published his History of Asia, and in 1924 he published the book Awakening of Asia. In 1925 he received the position of curator of national museums and was sent to work in the Guimet Museum as a deputy curator. In 1928 he became a teacher at the Louvre School at the Department of Indian Studies. In the 30s, he published articles on exhibits of the museum collection, and also published books “History of the Far East”, “Civilizations of the East” and “Following the Traces of the Buddha”. He collaborated in a group of scientists led by Louis Alfan and Philippe Sagnac , and engaged in the publishing project "Peoples and Civilizations." In 1933 he was appointed curator of the Chernuski Museum .
In 1934-1936 he published his main scientific work, The History of the Crusades and the Kingdom of Jerusalem of the Franks, which received the Great Gober Prize from the French Academy. This three-volume monograph (about 2,800 pages), although rightly criticized for the significant shortcomings of the methodology [2] , still remains unsurpassed in terms of the breadth of its coverage and factual details [3] .
In 1938, the first edition of the “Empire of the Steppes” was published, in a generalized form that presented to the Western reader the history of nomadic state formations on the territory of the Eurasian steppes, from the time of the Huns to the loss of independence by the Mongol khanates in the XVII - XVIII centuries.
The most active period of activity occurred during the Second World War and the postwar years. In 1941, Grusset became a teacher at the School of Living Oriental Languages , in 1944 the curator of the Guimet Museum, in 1945 a professor at the School of Overseas France , in 1946 editor of the Journal asiatique . Membership in the Council of National Museums, the management of the directorates of the two museums and teaching activities left little time for scientific work, however, in 1947, in addition to the Crusades, the History of Armenia to 1071 was published.
On February 16, 1946, together with Ernest Sayer , Jean Tarot , Octave Aubrey and Robert d' Arcourt Grusset , he was elected a member of the French Academy. This group election was designed to fill the seats that have remained vacant since the occupation. January 30, 1947 was admitted to the academy of Henri Bordeaux .
In the postwar years, he wrote two historical and philosophical works: "The Summary of History" and "Nose Figures" [4] , devoted to thoughts about the evolution of human society, the formation of philosophy and the place of man in history.
The scientific work of Grusset is evaluated by modern researchers ambiguously. Thus, the famous medievalist Pierre Aubert , specializing in the theme of the Crusades, recognizing that Rene Grusset was the largest French orientalist of his time and a man of enormous erudition, writes that “his point of view was strongly noted by the colonialist utopia that prevailed in the 1920s and 1930s, when he created his opus magnum ” [5] .
Artwork
- Histoire de l'Asie ( History of Asia ). - P .: Crès, 1921-1922
- TI L'Orient
- T. II. L'inde et la chine
- T. III. Le nond mongol, le japon
- Histoire de la philosophie orientale. Inde, Chine, Japon ( History of Eastern Philosophy. India, China, Japan ). - P .: Nouvelle Librairie nationale, 1923
- Le Réveil de l'Asie. L'impérialisme britannique et la révolte des peoples ( Awakening of Asia. British imperialism and the revolt of peoples ). - P .: Plon, 1924
- Histoire de l'Extrême-Orient ( History of the Far East ). - P .: Geuthnsr, 1929
- Sur les traces du Bouddha ( In the footsteps of Buddha ). - P .: Pion, 1929
- Les Civilizations de l'Orient ( Civilizations of the East ). - P .: Crès, 1929-1930
- TI L'Orient
- T. II. L'inde
- T. III. La chine
- T. IV. Le japon
- Philosophies indiennes. Les systèmes, 2 Vol. ( Indian philosophies. Systems ). - P .: Desclée De Brouwer, 1931
- Histoire des Croisades et du Royaume Franc de Jérusalem ( History of the Crusades and the Kingdom of Jerusalem of the Franks ). - P .: Pion, 1934-1936, ré-édité P .: Perrin, 1991, ISBN 2-262-00931-7
- TI Anarchie Musulmane et la Monarchie Franque
- T. II. Monarchie Franque et Monarchie Musulmane. L'equilibre
- T. III. Monarchie Musulmane et Anarchie Franque
- L'Empire des steppes, Attila, Gengis-Khan, Tamerlan ( Empire of the steppes. Attila, Genghis Khan, Tamerlane ). - P .: Payot, 1938
- L'Épopée des Croisades ( Epic of the Crusades ). - P .: Plon, 1939.
- L'Empire mongol (Mongol Empire), E. de Boccard, 1941
- Histoire de la Chine ( History of China ). - P .: Fayard, 1942
- Le Conquérant du monde: Vie de Gengis-Khan ( Vanquisher of the World: Life of Genghis Khan ). - P .: Albin Michel, 1944
- Bilan de l'Histoire ( Summary of History ). - P .: Pion, 1946
- Histoire de l'Arménie des origines à 1071 ( History of Armenia from ancient times to 1071 ). - P .: Payot, 1947
- L'Empire du Levant ( Empire of the Levant ). - P .: Payot, 1949
- Figures de Proue ( Nasal Figures ). - P .: Pion, 1949
- La Chine et son art ( China and its art ). - P .: Pion, 1951
- L'Homme et son histoire ( Man and his story ). - P .: Pion, 1954
Russian translations
- Gruss R. Empire of the steppes // History of Kazakhstan in Western sources of the XII - XX centuries., T. I — II. - Almaty: Sanat, 2005. - ISBN 9965-664-31-7 ISBN 9965-664-32-3
- Gruess R. Genghis Khan: The Conqueror of the Universe. - M.: Young Guard, 2008. - ISBN 978-5-235-03133-3
Notes
- ↑ Auboyer, p. one
- ↑ According to critics, this is “the clearest example of apologetics of campaigns” (Stepanenko, p. 19), the author seeks to idealize the crusader movement and the politics of the Latin states of the Levant (Aubé, p. 82)
- ↑ Stepanenko, p. nineteen
- ↑ Figures de Proue - figures on the prows of ships ( Russian. Latrine figures )
- ↑ Aubé, p. 82, n. one
Literature
- Aubé P. Un croisé contre Saladin, Renaud de Châtillon. - P .: Fayard, 2007. - ISBN 978-2213632438
- Auboyer J. René Grousset (1885-1952) // Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 47, No. 1, 1955. pp. 1-6.
- Lévy R. René Grousset. Bilan de l'histoire // Politique étrangère, 1946, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 409-411
- Stepanenko V.P. Byzantium in International Relations in the Middle East (1071–1176). Sverdlovsk, 1988