Walter Noddack ( German: Walter Noddack , August 17, 1893 - December 7, 1960) - German physicist-chemist, pioneer of rhenium .
| Walter Noddack | |
|---|---|
| Walter karl friedrich noddack | |
| Date of Birth | August 17, 1893 |
| Place of Birth | Berlin , Germany |
| Date of death | December 7, 1960 (67 years old) |
| A place of death | Berlin , Germany |
| A country | Germany |
| Scientific field | chemistry |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | Higher Technical School in Berlin |
| Known as | discoverer of rhenium |
| Awards and prizes | Liebig Medal ( 1931 ) |
Born in Berlin. He studied at the Higher Technical School in Berlin (1912-1914, 1919-1920). Since 1922 he worked at the Institute of Chemistry of the University of Berlin. In 1935-1941 - Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the University of Freiburg , in 1941-1946. - Professor of the University of Strasbourg , in 1946-1957. - Philosophical and Theological Higher School in Bamberg. Since 1956 - Director of the Research Institute of Geochemistry in Bamberg .
The main studies are devoted to the geochemistry of rare and trace elements. In the early 1920s, under his leadership, work began at the Siemens & Halske laboratory to detect chemical elements with atomic numbers 43 and 75. Their existence was predicted by D. I. Mendeleev back in 1871, by analogy with the properties of elements in a group of the periodic system (" Ekamarganets " and " dvimanganese "). The existence of still undiscovered elements in the 7th group of the periodic system was confirmed by G. Mosley in 1914.
In 1925, V. Noddak at a meeting of German chemists in Nuremberg announced the discovery by X-ray analysis of a new chemical element with atomic number 75 in platinum ore and columbite . The scientific team of Noddak, with the active participation of the wife of Ida Takke (Noddak) and Otto Berg, also found traces of the newly discovered element in gadolinite and molybdenite [1] . The new element was called rhenium (from the Latin. Rhenus - the name of the river Rhine, in honor of the Rhine province of Germany - the birthplace of Ida Noddak). The following year, the first 2 mg of rhenium was isolated from Norwegian molybdenite . Relatively pure rhenium was obtained only in 1928. To obtain 1 gram of rhenium, it was required to process 660 kg of molybdenite [2] .
Simultaneously with rhenium, the discovery of the element with atomic number 43, called masuria, was announced (after the name of the historical region of Masuria in East Prussia ). However, this discovery turned out to be erroneous: this element was discovered only in 1937 by the E. Segre group in nuclear fusion products and in 1947 was called technetium .
In 1931, together with his wife, Noddak was awarded the Justus Liebig Medal of the German Chemical Society . Together with the German physicist chemist J. Eggert (1921–1929) he studied the quantum yield of the process of photochemical formation of metallic silver and silver halide crystals of emulsion . He studied (1933) the process of formation of potassium perrenate - the starting material for the production of most other rhenium compounds.
Walter Noddack is buried in Bamberg.
Interesting Facts
- Almost all the professional activities of V. Noddak proceeded with his wife Ida Takke (Noddak) . Both before and after marriage, they worked together ( German: Arbeitsgemeinschaft ) [3] , with the exception of work at the University of Strasbourg, where she did not receive wages [4] . They got married in 1926 while working on the discovery of rhenium.
Sources
- Volkov V.A., Vonsky E.V., Kuznetsova G.I. Outstanding chemists of the world. - M.: Higher School, 1991 .-- 656 p.
- Noddak / Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 30 tt.
Notes
- ↑ Noddack, W .; Tacke, I .; Berg, O. Die Ekamangane (English) // Naturwissenschaften : journal. - 1925. - Vol. 13 , no. 26 . - P. 567-574 . - DOI : 10.1007 / BF01558746 . - .
- ↑ J. Noddack, W .; Noddack, W. Die Herstellung von einem Gram Rhenium (German) // Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie . - 1929. - T. 183 , No. 1 . - S. 353-375 . - DOI : 10.1002 / zaac.19291830126 .
- ↑ editors. For better or for worse? : collaborative couples in the sciences. - 1st. - [Basel]: Birkhäuser. - ISBN 978-3-0348-0285-7 .
- ↑ Nies, Allison Ida Tacke and the warfare behind the discovery of fission . Date of treatment October 1, 2013.