Mikhail Kuzmich Voinalovich ( November 2 [14], 1878 - April 21, 1918, Rostov-on-Don ) - Russian officer, Colonel General Staff . Member of the Chinese campaign , the Russo-Japanese , World War I and the Civil War. St. George Knight. The chief of staff of the 1st Separate Brigade of Russian Volunteers who completed the Iasi Campaign - Don . The closest employee and assistant, friend of the commander of the detachment of the General Staff of Colonel M. G. Drozdovsky .
| Mikhail Kuzmich Voinalovich | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date of Birth | or | |||||
| Date of death | ||||||
| Place of death | Rostov-on-Don , Region Don Cossacks | |||||
| Affiliation |  Russian Empire → White movement | |||||
| Type of army | infantry | |||||
| Years of service | 1898 - 1918 | |||||
| Rank | General Staff Colonel  Colonel | |||||
| Commanded | Chief of Staff of the 118th Infantry Division 239th Konstantinograd Infantry Regiment Chief of Staff of the 1st Separate Brigade of Russian Volunteers | |||||
| Battles / wars | Chinese camping
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| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Education
In 1898 he graduated from the Polotsk Cadet Corps (not studying, but having passed the exam), in 1900 - Alexeyevsky Military School in Moscow. In the 1st category, he graduated from the Imperial Nikolaev Military Academy (1910).
Start of Service: Chinese Campaign and Russo-Japanese War
He was released from the Alekseevsky school as a second lieutenant with seniority on August 9, 1900, into the 8th East Siberian Rifle Regiment. He participated in the campaign against China in 1900-1901. He was promoted to senior officers on August 9, 1903.
He participated in the Russo-Japanese War . He was promoted to headquarters captain with seniority on August 9, 1907.
Captain (seniority of May 23, 1910).
After graduating from the Academy of the General Staff for two years he was seconded to the 2nd Siberian Rifle Regiment for the censored command of the company (09.24.1910-04.11.1912). In 1913, he was seconded to the Officer Aeronautical School (June 15-September 25, 1913), which he graduated from as an observer pilot.
from November 26, 1912 he was appointed senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 7th Siberian Rifle Division.
World War I
In the ranks of the 7th Siberian Rifle Division, he met the Great War . He was soon awarded the St. George Arms (Highest Order of March 21, 1915).
For valor in the very first battles, by the Highest Order of June 21, 1915 he was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree, already being the senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Grodno Fortress. At the beginning of 1915 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel .
Since August 16, 1915 - Acting Chief of Staff of the 124th Infantry Division. December 12, 1916 promoted to colonel .
Since August 3, 1916, he served as chief of staff of the 118th Infantry Division.
Since June 20, 1917 - the commander of the 239th Infantry Regiment of Konstantinograd [1] .
Drozdovsky campaign
Mikhail Konstantinovich was one of the first volunteers to arrive at Skintey, near Iasi, and at the disposal of Colonel M. G. Drozdovsky , who formed his 1st Volunteer Brigade, of the General Staff. Two colonel general staff immediately became friends, and Voinalovich became a reliable assistant commander in all " white " affairs. As the modern historian A. V. Shishov writes, these two volunteer officers in the white emigration were usually remembered together, “as if they were one thing.” [2] .
Voinalovich was appointed commander of the 1st Rifle Regiment, but already in early February he replaced the former chief of the 3rd Turkestan Rifle Division of the General Staff, Major General A. N. Alekseev, as chief of staff of the brigade [3] . From the recollection of the participants in the Iasi-Don campaign about M. G. Drozdovsky and his chief of staff M. K. Voinalovich:
The choice of his closest assistant, subsequently the chief of staff of the Drozdovsky detachment, was made by Drozdovsky extremely successfully. The unity of views and beliefs, complete self-denial, patriotism, courage, determination, were fully characteristic of both of them. Some differences of characters only complemented them. Colonel Voynalovich, somewhat nervous and impetuous, not in a combat situation, and beside him calm in all cases of life — these were the bosses whom the officers could not believe or trust in from the first meeting with them.
M.K. Voinalovich, being the closest assistant to Drozdovsky, led the formation in Skintey. He took the most decisive measures to strengthen discipline shaken by the revolution and among the officers. In the brigade, the colonel introduced combat training, a lifestyle was established that was close to the standards of military schools [4] .
Uncertain status of the volunteer formation caused difficulties with contentment [5] . It happened that the Drozdovsky brigade, for replenishment of ammunition, equipment and food, clashed with pro-Bolshevik units, but preference was given to military cunning , raids, when everything that was “bad” from the committee members was taken to Skintey: rifles, guns, horses, wagons, provisions, stolen armored cars and cars [6] . For these tasks, Drozdovsky and his assistant Voinalovich created a “special reconnaissance team” from the most determined people, led by captain Bologovsky, an authorized representative of the brigade commander [7] . By February 20, Drozdovsky had at his disposal a large number of artillery and machine guns, 15 armored cars, cars and trucks, a radio station and many other property, part of which the Drozdovites were forced to sell when leaving [8] , part went to purchase from yesterday’s allies of passes for the exit of a white detachment from the territory of Romania [9] .
After Romania entered into negotiations with the Central Powers foreign ministers on a separate peace on February 16 (March 1) , the conditions of which included the transfer to Romania of the territory of Bessarabia already occupied by the Romanian forces [10] and the disarmament of Russian volunteers [11] , the Romanian authorities began to hinder the formation of Russian volunteer units [12] . Twice, February 23 (March 8) and February 26 (March 11) , Romanian troops tried to disarm the units of the 1st brigade, sending infantry with armored cars to Sokoly. Drozdovsky in response personally conducted a demonstration, putting forward his subordinates. The most difficult situation was on February 26 (March 11) after Drozdovsky’s departure to Iasi in the morning: when the Romanian units of General Averescu tried to encircle the Drozdov camp in the town of Sokoly, the latter were raised “by rifle” on the orders of Colonel MK Voinalovich in battle chains, threatening to bombard the Iasi Palace . These hard actions forced the Romanians to retreat, Voinalovich obtained permission to land the "thrushes" in the echelons to follow on the territory of Russia [3] .
Throughout the campaign from Yass to Rostov-on-Don, Voinalovich was the closest employee and assistant to Colonel Drozdovsky, his close friend and confidant.
Death in the battle for Rostov
After it was decided to storm Rostov at a meeting of single-commanding commanders, the chief of staff of the brigade M.K. Voinalovich gave directions to the attack areas, indicated the points for installing batteries, the howitzer platoon and the "Faithful" armored captain Nilov, after which he persuaded Drozdovsky to allow him to participate in battle in the front lines of the storming.
On Easter night , April 21 (May 4), the equestrian division of Drozdovites with a light battery and an armored car under the command of the chief of staff of the detachment, Colonel M.K. Voinalovich, attacked the positions of the Soviet troops and defeated them. When approaching the positions of the Reds, ignoring their numerical advantage, the white cavalry under the command of Mikhail Kuzmich came out from behind the infantry, broke through the defenses of the Soviet troops and, developing the first success, chased the running enemy, flying through the streets of the night city, made it to the station, which became the main target advancing. Squadrons of staff captain Anikeev almost met no resistance. Among the first riders to the station, Colonel Voinalovich jumped at the head of the squadron. Several riders of the 1st squadron, following the chief of staff of the brigade, broke into the station, where there were trains with the red guard [13] . Having jumped off his horse, the colonel with a revolver rushed to the entrance to the station building, and was killed point-blank by a random Red Army man, becoming almost the only one who fell among the dismounted squadron. After a short battle, the station was taken by the “blackbirds” under full control [14] [15] .
The city was soon taken by the detachment of Drozdovsky. The cavalry led by Mikhail Kuzmich Voinalovich played a significant role in the success of the operation. The battle near Rostov with far superior forces of the Red Drozdovites was the first to help the Donskoy Army , pulling large Bolshevik forces from Novocherkassk , which allowed the southern group of the Cossack militia, Colonel S.V. Denisov , who stormed the capital of the Don Don Army Region, to take the city.
However, the death of the chief of staff and the closest assistant was a great loss for the brigade commander M.G. Drozdovsky: the loss of one of the closest assistants, who went with the detachment all the way from Iasi to the Don land and whose courage served as an example for the travelers, was irreparable. M. G. Drozdovsky wrote in his diary [16] :
I suffered a great loss - my closest assistant, the chief of staff, was killed, maybe the only person who could replace me.
Notes
- ↑ M.K. Voinalovich
- ↑ Shishov, A.V. General Drozdovsky. The legendary trek from Iasi to the Kuban and Don. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2012 .-- 431 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). - ISBN 978-5-227-03734-3 , S. 146
- ↑ 1 2 Mikhail Kuzmich Voinalovich
- ↑ Gagkuev R.G. The Last Knight.// Drozdovsky and Drozdovites. - M.: NP "Posev", 2006. - 692 p. - ISBN 5-85824-165-4 , p. 51
- ↑ Abinyakin R. M. The officer corps of the Volunteer Army: social composition, worldview 1917-1920. Monograph. Eagle. Publisher A. Vorobyov. 2005, 204 p. ISBN 5-900901-57-2 , p. 70
- ↑ Shishov A.V. General Drozdovsky. The legendary trek from Iasi to the Kuban and Don. M .: CJSC Publishing Center Centerpolygraph, 2012. - 431 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). ISBN 978-5-227-03734-3 , p. 151
- ↑ Shishov A.V. General Drozdovsky. The legendary trek from Iasi to the Kuban and Don. M .: CJSC Publishing Center Centerpolygraph, 2012. - 431 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). ISBN 978-5-227-03734-3 , p. 152
- ↑ Drozdovsky M.G. Diary . - Berlin: Otto Kirchner and Co., 1923. - 190 p.
- ↑ Shishov A.V. General Drozdovsky. The legendary trek from Iasi to the Kuban and Don. M .: CJSC Publishing Center Centerpolygraph, 2012. - 431 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). ISBN 978-5-227-03734-3 , S. 167
- ↑ History of Diplomacy, ed. Acad. V.P. Potemkin. T. 2, Diplomacy in the new time (1872-1919). OGIZ, M. - L., 1945. Ch. 15, Brest Peace. Page 352–357.
- ↑ Abinyakin, R. M. Major General M. G. Drozdovsky // White Movement. Historical portraits. S. 217.
- ↑ Gagkuev R.G. Drozdovtsy to Gallipoli // Drozdovsky and Drozdovtsy. - M.: NP "Posev", 2006. - 692 p. - ISBN 5-85824-165-4 , p. 543
- ↑ Koltyshev P.V. Campaign of the Drozdovites Iasi - Don. 1200 miles. Memoirs of Drozdovites. February 26 (March 11) - April 25 (May 8) 1918 // Drozdovsky and Drozdovites. - M.: NP "Posev", 2006. - 692 p. - ISBN 5-85824-165-4 Rostov battle st. 344
- ↑ Gagkuev R.G. The Last Knight // Drozdovsky and Drozdovtsy. - M.: NP "Posev", 2006. - 692 p. - ISBN 5-85824-165-4 , p. 69
- ↑ Shishov, A.V. General Drozdovsky. The legendary trek from Iasi to the Kuban and Don. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2012 .-- 431 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). - ISBN 978-5-227-03734-3 , S. 291
- ↑ Gagkuev R.G. The Last Knight // Drozdovsky and Drozdovtsy. - M.: NP "Posev", 2006. - 692 p. - ISBN 5-85824-165-4 , p. 71
Literature
- Drozdovsky and Drozdovites . - M .: NP "Sowing", 2006. - ISBN 5-85824-165-4
- Shishov A.V. General Drozdovsky. The legendary trek from Iasi to the Kuban and the Don .. - M .: CJSC Publishing Center Centerpolygraph, 2012. - 431 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). - ISBN 978-5-227-03734-3 .
- Drozdovsky M.G. Diary . - Berlin: Otto Kirchner and Co., 1923. - 190 p.