Single-vault shallow station

Paris Monogravity

The first single-vault station in Moscow was the Lenin Library of the first stage of construction, built in a closed multi-shaft method according to an individual project, like the Paris metro stations. In 1938, the Airport station was constructed from similar structures, but in an open way (unlike the Library, where the arch supports the bridge fastening from above, the Airport arch was poured into the preparatory soil, which was then selected from the inside after it was hardened). This was followed by a long break caused by a large share of manual labor, a low degree of mechanization and, as a result, by the long construction periods of monolithic large-span reinforced concrete structures. The resumption of the design and construction of single-vault shallow stations occurred only in the late 1960s with the development in Kharkov of the design and standard design of a single-vault station, later called the "Kharkov Single Vault".

Moscow Single

Nevertheless, by the mid-1970s in Moscow, a different single-vault project had been developed, consisting, like the “ centipedes ”, of completely prefabricated structures. Its essence was the full support of the semi-monolithic vault, consisting of thirty entries, on the existing fastenings of the foundation pit itself, thereby creating a dome effect. Despite the significant reduction in the cost of construction, this project was realized only at the Skhodnenskaya station of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line in 1975, after which it was canceled and replaced with the use of Kharkov single-arch designs.

Kharkov Single

The essence of this project is to create anti-support elements on the basis of the arch tray with load transfer to both its halves, which allows concreting the arch in place, and only prefabricated fortifications can be imported. This type of design is still used today. The first of the modern "single-digest" of this type in Moscow was the station " Babushkinskaya " (1978).

Minsk Single

During the construction of the Minsk Metro , a new design of a single-vault shallow station was developed, which was made of four L-shaped corner elements. The design was called the "Minsk Single Vault", it took root only in Minsk .

At present, the design of single-vault stations is the most common for all shallow stations due to its low cost (which even today is inferior to the cost of building shallow shallow stations).

The main stages of the construction of a single-vault shallow station:

• Concreting of the tray part and the supporting parts of the walls.
• Concreting of walls, with the help of self-propelled formwork, waterproofing of the walls is arranged.
• Filling (usually sand) of the space between the walls of the lining and the side of the pit.
• Installation of in-plant structures, laying of tracks.
• Installation of reinforcing cages and subsequent concreting of the arch of the station.

When backfilling the arch, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the protection of the waterproofing of the arch, since soil displacement along the inclined surface of the arch leads to significant forces that can lead to ruptures in the waterproofing layer. An example is the Altufevo station, whose appearance is very affected by numerous smudges. Currently, Metrogiprotrans is developing a project for the reconstruction of the station with the restoration of damage and enhanced waterproofing.

The single-vault stations Novokosino and Alma-Ata , which opened in Moscow in 2012, were waterproofed using a new technique (geotextile materials) and exclude the presence of any smudges.

Today, in the subways of Russia and the CIS countries, the following stations are single-vault shallow ones:

Moscow

• Single vault stations of the “Paris type”:
  • The Lenin Library (1935),
  • " Slavic Boulevard " (2008).
• One-vault station of the “Paris type” with the modification of the project: “ Airport ” (1938)
• A single-vault station of the “Moscow type” with the arch resting on a “wall in the ground”: “ Skhodnenskaya ” (1975)
• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • " Grandmother's " (1978),
  • Tula (1983),
  • Nakhimovsky Prospect (1983),
  • " South " (1983),
  • Kantemirovskaya (1984),
  • Krasnogvardeiskaya (1985),
  • Konkovo (1987),
  • Cherkizovskaya (1990),
  • Otradnoe (1991),
  • Kozhukhovskaya (1995),
  • Lublino (1996),
  • " Street Academician Yangel " (2000),
  • Annino (2001),
  • Strogino (2007),
  • Mitino (2009),
  • Borisovo (2011),
  • Shipilovskaya (2011),
  • Novokosino (2012),
  • Lermontovsky Prospect (2013),
  • " Forest Park " (2014).
• Single vault stations of the “Kharkov type” with a modification of the project (including the “modern Moscow type”):
  • Perovo (1979),
  • Krylatskoye (1989),
  • " Altufevo " (1994),
  • Zyablikovo (2011),
  • Alma-Ata (2012),
  • “ Bitsevsky Park ” (2014),
  • Troparyovo (2014).

Nizhny Novgorod

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • Chkalovskaya (1985),
  • " Lenin " (1985),
  • " Park of Culture " (1989),
  • Kanavinskaya (1993),
  • " Hay " (planned) .

Novosibirsk

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • " Lenin Square " (1985),
  • “ Marx Square ” (1991),
  • Zaeltsovskaya (1992),
  • “ Birch Grove ” (2005).

Samara

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • Kirovskaya (1987),
  • “ Victory ” (1987).

Yekaterinburg

• Single vault station of the Kharkov type: Uralmash (1991).

Kazan

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • “ Kremlin ” (2005),
  • Gorki (2005),
  • Yashlek (2013),
  • Aircraft Engineering (2013),
  • Dubravnaya (2018)

Kiev

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • Minskaya (1982),
  • Osokorki (1992),
  • Kharkovskaya (1994),
  • " Zhytomyr " (2003),
  • Borispolskaya (2005),
  • Vasilkovskaya (2010),
  • Exhibition Center (2011),
  • “ Teremki ” (2013).
  • " Rainbow " (under construction).
  • " Perov Boulevard " (projected).
  • " Odessa " (planned)

Kharkov

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • Moskovsky Prospect (1975),
  • " Sports " (1975),
  • “ Central Market ” (1975, later was strengthened by one row of columns due to the difficult hydrogeological situation),
  • “The Soviet Army ” (1978),
  • " Tractor Plant " (1978),
  • Kievskaya (1984),
  • “ Academician Pavlov ” (1986),
  • “ Rebellion Square ” (1995).

Minsk

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • " Institute of Culture " (1984),
  • " Chelyuskintsev Park " (1984).
• Single vault stations of the “Minsk type”:
  • " Lenin Square " (1984),
  • " East " (1986),
  • Frunzenskaya (1990),
  • Kupalovskaya (1990),
  • " Tractor Plant " (1990),
  • “ Youth ” (1995),
  • " Petrovschina " (2012).

Tashkent

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • Chilanzar (1977),
  • Hamza (1977),
  • Hamid Alimjan (1980),
  • Buyuk Ipak Yuli (1980),
  • " Uzbekistan " (1984),
  • Dustlik (1987),
  • Chorsu (1989),
  • “ Beruni ” (1991),
  • Badamzar (2001).

Tbilisi

• Single vault station of the Kharkov type: Delisi (1979).

Yerevan

• Single vault station of the Kharkov type: Shengavit (1986).

Baku

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • Azadlig Prospect (2009),
  • “ Darnagul ” (2011).

Alma-Ata

• A single-vault station of the Kharkov type with a lateral arrangement of platforms: Alatau (2011).

Omsk

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type are planned at all four stations of the launch site in 2015. In September 2011, the Pushkin Library station was built.

Volgograd

• Single vault stations of the Kharkov type:
  • " Lenin Square " (1984),
  • " Youth Theater " (2011).

• metro.molot.ru about single-vault stations