Naumovich, Ivan Grigorievich

Ivan Naumovich was born in a Polish-speaking family of an elementary school teacher in the village of Kozlov near Kamenka Bug ( Austrian Empire ) on January 14, 1826 . In 1844 , after graduating from high school, he entered the philosophical and then the theological faculty of the Greek Catholic seminary in Lviv . For participation in the revolutionary movement of 1848 - 1849, he was expelled from the seminary, but restored in 1850 .

In 1851, Naumovich graduated from seminary, married and was ordained a Uniate priest, and served in parishes not far from Lviv until 1867 ^[1] . In 1861, he was elected as a deputy to the regional Galician Diet from Zolochevsky Uyezd, where he sought the introduction of the Russian language into the work of state institutions of Galicia, justified the need to divide Galicia into Eastern and Western (Rusyn and Polish); He demanded that the Sejm help Russian theater in Lvov ^[1] .

In 1866, he wrote a program article, “ A Look into the Future, ” in which he proved the community of the Ruthenian population of Austrian Galicia with the Russian people . He wrote: “ Like a Russian person I can’t see Russian people in Moscow , and although I’m a Little Russian , and they are Great Russians , I’m also Russian and they are Russian ... The similarity of our language with Russian is obvious, because it is based on the same rules. Enlightenment in Russia was in front of us in Kiev , then it was transferred to the north ... Rus Galitskaya, Ugorskaya, Kievskaya, Moskovskaya, Tobolskaya, etc. from the point of view of ethnographic, historical, linguistic, literary, ceremonial - this is the same Russia ... We are not we can separate ourselves from our brothers by the Chinese wall and abandon linguistic, literary and popular ties with the whole Russian world ” ^{[1] [2]} .

In 1871, Naumovich began to publish in Kolomyia the newspaper “ Russian Rada ” , the first newspaper in the Galician-Russian language, and in 1872 the journal “Science”, “a magazine with practical advice for rural residents” ^[3] . In 1874, he organized the Mikhail Kachkovsky Society, the purpose of which was the publication of books for the local Ruthenian population, the dissemination of knowledge, and the organization of popular reading rooms. In the future, “Society named after M. Kachkovsky ”became one of the most active and significant organizations of the Russian movement of Galicia. Ivan Naumovich was also involved in the establishment of rural loan and savings banks, sobriety fraternities, and public stores.

In the literary activity of Naumovich, blind hatred for Poles and Jews was manifested. ^[3]

The modest rural Uniate priest, Naumovich, throughout his entire public service, we were not afraid to say, was perhaps the most active leader in the Russian Galicia movement. In his parish, first in Peremyshlyany and the village of Korosto, from 1867 to 1872. in the village of Strelche near Kolomyia, and then in 1872 in Skalat, he was a kind and caring pastor. Not without reason, in the “Word” No. 5 for 1867, the inhabitants of Korostna published a letter of appreciation signed by nine dozen peasants, of which 27 belonged to the Latin rite. In Strelcha he successfully treated with homeopathy, people from neighboring villages came to him and he treated everyone - and the rich and poor, Ruthenian, Pole, Jew, and not without reason, when he left Strelche, having received a parish in Skalat, according to his biographer O.A. Monchalovsky, not only his parishioners, but also Jews cried ( Pashaeva N. M. Essays the history of the Russian movement in Galicia of the XIX — XX centuries / State publ. ii. - M., 2001 .-- 201 p. ISBN 5-85209-100-6 )

Having been elected to the Austrian parliament, Naumovich developed vigorous political activity there from 1874 to 1878 . The Austrian government accused him of striving to tear away Austrian Galicia in favor of Russia and put him on trial as a traitor. In 1882, due to lack of evidence, Naumovich was found not guilty of treason, but only in violation of public peace, for which he was sentenced to eight months in prison. For sympathy for Orthodoxy, the pope excommunicated him from the church and in 1885 Ivan Naumovich converted to Orthodoxy ^[3] . After leaving prison, Naumovich had to leave Galicia, and he moved to the Russian Empire , to Kiev, where he engaged in literary work, worked as a diocesan missionary to fight shtundism , and then as a priest in the village of Borshchagovka near Kiev.

Ivan Naumovich is one of the most prolific Galician-Russian writers. Starting in 1848 , he wrote poetry, fables, short stories and novels, diverging in a significant number of copies for that time. After the death of Naumovich Society. M. Kachkovsky published three volumes of his short stories and short stories from folk life. The most successful were Onufry the Enchantress (1871), Broad-leaved Poplars ( 1872 ), The Tale of the Twelve Robbers ( 1873 ), Orphans (1872), Inclusion ( 1874 ), and The Hunger Years ( 1878) ), “ Lutz Zalivaiko ” ( 1879 ), “ Gorshkodrai ” (1879), “The Village of Tyndyryndy ” ( 1884 ).

Ivan Naumovich also performed as a playwright . His satirical comedy “The Marked Yurko ” (1872) was published several times and staged in many folk theaters in Galicia.

Naumovich also wrote works on history (“ Historical outline of the union ” ( 1889 ) and “ Pure Russia, its past and present ” ( 1890 )), agriculture and beekeeping.

The emigration of Galician Ruthenians to the American continent, generated by agrarian overpopulation and low land, prompted Naumovich to send this movement to the Caucasus . For this, I obtained permission for Rusyns to buy land at a low price, by installments in the Novorossiysk and Sukhumi districts ^[1] . Ivan Naumovich died on August 16 (new style) in 1891 in Novorossiysk ^[4] , and was buried at the Lukyanovsky cemetery in Kiev.

• Four guides for a good life: Fear of God. Wisdom. Sobriety. Labor, Moscow, 1888
• Treasured poplars, Kiev, 1888
• Psalter. A Tale from the Galician-Russian Folk Life, Moscow, 1888
• Orphans, Moscow, 1894
• Burning! Stories, Moscow, 1897
• Tales and stories from the Galician-Russian life, St. Petersburg, 1901
• Conversations of the Shepherd (T. 1-2, St. Petersburg, 1902; Vol. 1 - “Autobiography” by Naumovich)
• Conversations by Stepan Storazumov on Agriculture, Vol. 1, Kiev, 1888
• O. Theodore. The Tale (Agricultural Talks), Vol. 1. Kiev, 1888; about beekeeping
• Christian Virtues, St. Petersburg, 1890
• Pure Russia, its past and present, Kiev, 1890
• Union history, Kiev, 1889
• Appellation to Pap Leo XIII
• Orthodox folk calendars (for 1890, 1891; published by the Holy Synod).
• Sobr. Op. Tales and Stories, vol. 1, pr. 1-3, Lviv, 1926-27

• Monchalovsky O. A. Life and activity of Ivan Naumovich . - 1899.
• Recollection of the volume of I. G. Naumovich // NATSIONALIST. - 1912. - No. 1.
• Verbatim report of the ship's dispatch for Olga Grabar and comrades (unavailable link from 16-01-2015 [1665 days])
• Sokolov I. Archpriest John Grigorievich Naumovich. - St. Petersburg, 1894
• Naumovich, John Grigoryevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Aristov F.F. Ivan G. Naumovich // Russian Archive . - 1913. - No. 7
• Vavrik V.R. Illuminator of Galician Rus Ivan Naumovich. - Lviv-Prague, 1926
• Pashaeva N. M. Essays on the history of the Russian movement in Galicia of the 19th — 20th centuries. / State. publ. East. b-ka of Russia. - M., 2001 .-- 201 p.
• Pashaeva N. M. I. G. Naumovich as a public, political and religious figure in Galicia in the second half of the 19th century // Historical Bulletin. - 2001. - No. 1.
• Vodovozov N.V. Russian writers in Galicia