Birsk

Geographical position

The city is located in the forest-steppe zone of the Pribelskaya clumpy undulating plain , in the lower reaches of the Belaya ( Kama tributary) on its right bank.

Geographic coordinates :

Time Zone

The name comes from the hydronym Bir . According to the “ Encyclopedic Lexicon ”, Bashkirs and Tatars call this river “Bүre suy”, which translates as “Wolf water” ^[5] ( tat. B үre suy , Bashk. B үre huyu ).

The second Russian fortress city in Bashkiria, founded in 1663 as a fortress on the site of the village of Arkhangelsky burnt during the Bashkir uprising . He played a large role in the settlement of Bashkiria by Russians. In 1774 it was taken and burned by the troops of Salavat Yulaev , later it was rebuilt again. It developed as a commercial and cultural center of northeastern Bashkiria.

Since 1708, Birsk was assigned to the Kazan province, since 1719 - in the Ufa province . Since 1744 - in the Orenburg province . Since 1781, the county town of Birsk, Birsk district, Ufa region, Ufa governorship , since 1796 - in the Orenburg province.

In 1856, in the county town of Birsk, Orenburg province, there were 3 churches, 388 houses, 37 shops.

By the end of the 19th century, the main occupations of the inhabitants were agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, trade and handicrafts. A theater, 3 libraries, a real school and a female gymnasium, and a commercial school were opened.

In 1922-1930 Birsk was the center of the Birsk canton of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , and from August 20, 1930 - the Birsk district .

in 1939, the village of Kalmazy was included in the city ​​of Birsk .

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 342 place out of 1,115 ^[22] cities of the Russian Federation ^[23] .

National composition

According to the 2010 All-Russian Census : Russians - 53.6%, Tatars - 16.8%, Bashkirs - 14.6%, Mari - 13.1%, people of other nationalities - 1.9% ^[24] .

• Birsk branch of Bashkir State University (formerly Birsk State Social and Pedagogical Academy );
• Birsk branch of the Ufa State Academy of Economics and Service;
• Birsk College of Medicine and Pharmacy ;
• Birsk Cooperative College;

Enterprises

• Birsk ATP
• Birsk inter-district branch of the Federal State Health Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Bashkortostan”
• Enterprise "Vodokanal"
• The company "Heating network"
• Birsky Distillery - a branch of Bashspirt OJSC;
• LLC "Spectrum" on the basis of the former factory of drafting devices "Office equipment";
• VET Birsk - a branch of LLC BashTekhKontrol;
• OJSC Karpkhleb - Sweet Bread;

Trade

• TSK Yabloko
• TSK Birsk
• TSK Bir
• TSK "Yubileiny"
• TSK "Oilman"
• TSK "Merchant"
• TSK "Family"
• TSK "Yuryuzan"
• TSK "July"
• TSK "Sogory"
• Inter-district base "Cascade"
• City market

Transport

Urban transport

• Bus
• Route taxi
• Taxi

Intercity

• Birsk bus station
• Private shuttles

Trails through the city

• 80K-029 Ufa - Birsk - Yanaul ,
• 80K004 Birsk - Tastuba - Satka .

Television

Broadcast and Digital TV

• First channel
• Russia 1
• Match
• NTV
• Fifth channel
• Russia To
• Russia 24
• Carousel
• OTR
• TV Center
• Ren TV
• Spas
• STS
• Home
• TV 3
• Friday
• Star
• Peace
• TNT
• Muz TV
• Bst

The overwhelming majority of the city’s population has access to cable television provided by three operators:

• PJSC "Bashinformsvyaz"
• LLC "Rick".
• JSC "Ufanet"

Rik LLC provides access to Rik-TV , the Birsk city television channel. Broadcasting has been underway since November 29, 2005. Now 5 programs are going on the air: “News”, “Let's Come to the People”, “Musical Present”, “Children’s” ^[25] and “GorTop” (city toponymy).

Radio stations

• 87.5 MHz - Retro FM;
• 88.5 MHz - Radio Ashkadar
• 101.4 MHz - Radio of Russia / State TV and Radio Company Bashkortostan
• 102.3 MHz - Radio Bir ;
• 103.9 MHz - Traffic Radio
• 104.8 MHz - Europe Plus ;
• 105.3 MHz - Radio Yuldash ;
• 105.9 MHz - Radio Dacha ;
• 106.6 MHz - Russian radio ;
• 107.3 MHz - Satellite FM ;

Fixed Communications

Birsk has 5-digit telephone numbers. Area code: 34784.

The main fixed-line operator is the Birsky ICTET PJSC Bashinformsvyaz .

Internet

Three main providers: Ufanet (GPON, Ethernet), Bashinformsvyaz (ADSL, Metro Ethernet, GPON), Rik-TV (Ethernet).

Mobile Communications

Four federal operators provide mobile communication services in the city: MTS , Beeline , MegaFon , Sotel-SSB .

• St. Michael the Archangel Church. It was built on Galkina Hill in 1842-1845 by merchants Nikita Serafimov and Danila Balaev. Consecrated in 1847. Renovated in 2015.
• Church of the Intercession. It was abolished in 1838. In its place is the Pokrovskaya chapel, demolished in 1930.

• Holy Trinity Cathedral. Got a name from Troitskaya Square on which it stands (now Oktyabrskaya). It was erected in 1839-1842. Supervised the construction of A.R. Vatlashov. In 1883, a bell in 333 pounds was cast and installed for the cathedral. In 1880, the cathedral was painted. After its closure, the Aurora Cinema was placed here. The dome was removed in 1956.
• St. Nicholas Church. For students of a foreign school, the Foreign Church was built in 1895-1898. It was consecrated in 1899 in honor of the Kazan Saints Guri , Herman and Barsanuphius . Therefore, its official name is the Church of the Three Saints. They closed it in 1933, located a museum, then a power station, a warehouse and a household goods store. After restoration, it was reopened in 1992.
• There is also an official information portal that tells about the events and life of Orthodox Christians in the city of Birsk.

• The memorial complex dedicated to the Biryan - heroes of the Soviet Union. Opened in 2005, in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Victory.
• Monument to the Unknown Soldier in Victory Park.
• The ensemble-monument on Sokolka in memory of the victims of the Civil War. Includes a wall with machine guns, two cannons on pedestals and a monument with a stainless steel sword.
• Monument to H. Davletshina. Installed in front of the main building of the BirGSPA in memory of the great Bashkir writer.
• Monument in honor of the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Birsk oil. It was installed in 2000, moved in 2012, and is located near the Birsk TSK.
• Monuments to V.I. Lenin. There are three of them in the city: the first in the city center in Lenin Square, the second next to the Aurora Cinema, the third in the courtyard of secondary school No. 4.
• Monument to the merchant, the founder of the city. It symbolizes the contribution of the Birsk merchants to the development of the city in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Installed in the central part of the city.
• Monument to I.V. Stalin. It was installed in Vinokurov Square. The monument was removed in one night in 1961. His further fate is unknown.
• Monument in honor of the 300th anniversary of the city. It was installed on the site of the monument to I.V. Stalin, in 1963. It was destroyed during the construction of a sports complex.
• Monument in honor of the rebellion of E. Pugachev. It is a large stone, which is installed in front of the bus station. It is closed from view by a bus stop and is practically invisible.
• Monument to soldiers who fell in hot spots.

• Houses of merchants P. A. Konovalov and K. G. Sizov.
• Branch of the Siberian Trade Bank.
• Shop pharmacist M. B. Grebeshka.
• House of the merchant S.I. Ivanov.
• House of merchant I.M. Motygin.
• House of midwife Vatlashova.
• House of a merchant M.P. Morozova.
• The building of the city government.
• Arch in honor of the 5th anniversary of the entry of the Birsk fire brigade into the Imperial Fire Society in 1914.
• The building of a female gymnasium (now secondary school No. 3).
• The building of the real school (now the administrative building of the Birsky branch of Bashkir State University).
• The building of a trade school (now school number 1).
• Kalancha.

•   Salavat (since 2009) ^{[26] [27] [28]} .

• List of Birsk Streets
• Birsk apple

• Birsk // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Ivanov M.I., Akhiyarov K.Sh., Kuznetsov Yu.F., Safiullin A.Z. Birsk / Ivanov M.I. - Ufa: Bashkir book publishing house, 1989. - 96 p. - 7000 copies. - ISBN 5-295-00408-2 .
• Old Town Birsk (booklet). Birsk 2007
• Birsk: history and modernity (history of the city from 1663 to 2009), Birsk 2010, V. Beloglazov

• Administration of the municipal district Birsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan
• Khismatov M.F. Birsk // Bashkir Encyclopedia / Chap. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: GAUN “ Bashkir Encyclopedia ”, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .