Cherkizovo (Kolomensky district)

This area was granted by Prince Dmitry Donskoy for service to his associate and beloved governor Ivan Serkiz among other suburban estates. Later, when the family of princes Starkov- Serkizov died out, their Kolomna lands (Cherkizovo, Starki, Nastasino ) passed into the ownership of the grand duke and were mentioned in the spiritual letter of Basil II in 1461-1462 ^[2] .

In 1543 it was also called "Sovereign" ^[3] .

In 1689, Cherkizovo was transferred to the possession of the then influential princes Cherkassky . Prince M. A. Cherkassky founded the estate here.

The Geographical Description of the City of Kolomna and its County for 1800 indicated:

The village of the state adviser, Prince Boris Mikhailovich, and Colonel Princess Princess Fedosi Ivanovna Cherkassky, three churches, two stone ones: the 1st Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mother of God without a limit, the 2nd - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the third wooden in the name of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin without a limit. Two manor houses of stone about two floors and with it a prolific and regular garden.

The Assumption Church was built in the years 1734-1749. The templated letter has been preserved:

By the grace of God, the humble Benjamin Bishop of Kolomna and Kashira. This is a temple-deed letter from the Life Guards of the 41st cavalry regiment of Prince Pyotr Borisovich , his excellency of the estate of Cherkizov’s estate to his man Alexander Timofeev, son of Shongin, after this May 24th day of the present day of 1734, in the bishop filed with his bishop, there is a wooden church written in his clergyman Shulgin, which contains Of God in the name of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos, and from the door of His Excellency Cherkassky in the far distance. Now, according to his promise, His Grace wishes to build in the same village of Cherkizovo ... on his local land near his court, the Church of God again in the name of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary of a stone building ...

The team of builders was led by Alexander Fedorovich Putilov; most likely, he was also the author of the project. On October 23, 1749, the Protopop of the Kolomna Assumption Cathedral, Grigory Fedorov consecrated the temple. N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov recalled:

For his rifle church, the prince sought a prominent priest and with a voice. In one of his many estates, he found one and transferred it to Cherkizovo. It was Fedor Nikiforovich, my great-grandfather. Of course, he did not have a surname, and he did not know a letter well; but he maintained the splendor of the princely court.

- From the experience. T. 1

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Assumption Church was rebuilt. The temple was significantly expanded due to the extension of a spacious warm refectory with two aisles; the general appearance of the temple changed - it was decorated and in the external design, instead of the Baroque style, a classical style appeared: a cornice, white stone columns. One of the chapels was consecrated in honor of the Saints Boris and Gleb , the other - the Icon of the Mother of God “Sign” ^[4] :

Remarkable utensils and the iconostasis of the side Znamensky church. They crossed from the Moscow house of Princess Theodosius of Lviv, born Miloslavskaya <...> The royal doors of this aisle - solid cypress. On the left side of these stands the image of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary, humiliated with pearls and showered with precious stones, and in it are parts of St. relics. <...> There are old silver lamps and dishes with inscriptions in large script ...

From the Moskva River , on which Cherkizovo was located, according to the description of Gilyarov-Platonov, the princely estate was "a long row of princely stone houses, almost a mile long, diverse, but remarkably elegant architecture, and moreover, located with delicate symmetry, and in front of them three churches, two on each side and one in the middle, in front of the main princely house. ” On one side, a wooden church (in the name of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary ) served as a parish for peasants; on the other hand, on the churchyard , where only the clergy lived, was St. Nicholas Church.

The clergy records indicate the date of construction of the wooden church of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary - the year 1592. They also pointed to the ministry of priest Vasily Matveyev in the church of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1742, from 1746 to 1758, and from 1770 to 1774. In the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum , its description has been preserved: “A wooden, sheathed church was built at the end of the 18th century. The building is rectangular in plan, one-story. The main quadruple carries the octagon of the second tier, crowned with an octagonal dome with a decorative drum to the two-tier head. At the church there is a refectory and a three-tiered bell tower, also wooden, sheathed with a hedge ” ^[5] . It was "painted with white paint, to match the estate, so as not to spoil the view." Later, the church was painted red, and in everyday life they began to call it “Red”.

After the construction of the Assumption Church was completed, Prince P. B. Cherkassky in 1759 filed a petition with the Kolomna diocese with a request to allow the construction of a new stone church on Stark Pogost. The old church was dismantled and in 1763 a new one was consecrated. It is known that in the second half of the 1780s the building was being completed. But the time is not known when the St. Nicholas Church acquired the features of "Russian Gothic" - at the beginning of construction or later. A number of experts attribute the authorship of the project to V. I. Bazhenov ^[2] . Decorative "Gothic" motifs are mainly repeated in the church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God in Bykovo (paired columns under the pediment with a weight, obelisks, inverted hearts, sharp spiers).

At the church, the necropolis of the princes of Cherkassky was arranged, surrounded by a wrought-iron grate and hidden by a canopy. The tombstones were decorated with marble sculpture, which was dismantled in Soviet times and its whereabouts are now unknown.

After the reforms that began in 1861, Cherkassky left the estate. Soon the estate was sold, the manor house was destroyed, only two outbuildings remained. In one of them, adjacent to the Starks, in 1892, an outstanding physician, professor V. D. Shervinsky , settled ^{[Comm 1]} . The other part (Cherkizovo) was acquired by the Moscow financier Kumanin , and was soon resold to the Moscow merchant Khludov , whose children owned the estate before the October Revolution ^[6] . In 1869, the primary Zemstvo school was founded in Cherkizovo, whose trustee since 1879 was Nina Florentyevna Khludova ^[5] .

Near Cherkizov there are two parks - a regular one, called by the residents of the Khludovsky Park, where old linden alleys are still preserved; and the second, called by them Shervinsky (or “Sherwood”), is next to the mansion where the Shervinsky family lived ^[7] .

In the 1930s, the Cherkassky crypt was ravaged; St. Nicholas Church was not plundered due to the dedication of the faithful. And in 1946, regular worship services resumed in it and for a long time it was the only church in the Kolomensky district ^[2] . The Church of the Cathedral of the Virgin was dismantled in 1947; a club was built from its logs. The Assumption Temple also housed a club for a long time; in the 1960s, the bell tower was destroyed. In 1992, the ruins of the church were returned to the Orthodox community, which since 1994, under the direction of Archpriest Dimitry Dudko, began restoration work ^[4] .

In 2014, the restoration of the preserved outbuilding of the estate began, in which in Soviet times there were first an orphanage, then a house for the disabled ^{[6] [8]} .

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  Temple view

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  Temple view

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  Church cemetery

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  Drawing of the Archangel Gabriel in the bell tower

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  Drawing of the Archangel Michael in the bell tower

• Shervinsky: Vasily Dmitrievich , doctor of medicine, professor; Evgeny Vasilievich , architect (according to his project, a new school building was built here in 1911; Sergey Vasilievich , Soviet writer, translator. Anna Akhmatova ^[6] lived in the Shervinsky estate, which dedicated the poem “Under Kolomna” to the Starks.
• Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Drizhenko is buried in the village.

• Cherkizovo estate of Prince M. A. Cherkassky