Novombergsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich

Born in a farm laborer's family. Wife - Maria Ivanovna Yuryeva, doctor.

He graduated from high school, while studying, worked as a reporter in the newspaper "North Caucasus", and also was engaged in tutoring. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Warsaw ( 1896 ) and received a gold medal for his work “Pharmaceutical Order. Its structure, care for sovereign and national health and importance in the development of medical devices and knowledge in Russia. ” He graduated from the St. Petersburg Archaeological Institute ( 1903 ), studied at the University of Tübingen, Göttingen and Berlin. Master of Police Law ( 1907 ; dissertation topic: “The medical structure in pre-Petrine Russia”), doctor of state law ( 1919 ; dissertation topic: “The Word and the Work of the Sovereign”). Doctor of Historical Sciences ( 1943 ).

In 1896-1902 he was in the public service in the Warsaw, Tobolsk , Irkutsk provinces, in the Primorsky region. He was a senior official of special assignments under the governor, presided at the Irkutsk district congress of peasant leaders. On behalf of the Tobolsk governor, he studied the life of immigrants, prepared and published the book “Materials for the study of the life of migrants placed in the Tobolsk province”, which was recognized by the Ministry of Internal Affairs as harmful and banned from distribution (the second volume of this work was banned for publication). His other work critical of the authorities - Sakhalin Island ( 1903 ) - was also banned, and the author was temporarily deprived of his right to stay in public service.

In 1904 - 1905 he lectured on freedom of the press at the Paris School of Social Sciences. Since 1906 - privat-docent, since March 3, 1908 - etc. extraordinary, from May 10, 1911 - I.D. full professor of law faculty of Tomsk University . From September 2, 1917 to January 1919 - Dean of this faculty. He was one of the organizers and teacher of the Omsk Agricultural Institute.

Specialist in the history of Russian law. The author of the capital work “The Word and the Work of the Sovereign”. For the first time in domestic historical science, this classic work presented the ancient Russian texts of monuments of business writing that arose before the creation of the Code of the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich 1649. The book includes genuine manuscripts of investigative and grievous cases published according to the rules of linguistic source study: “announcements”, “false words” , “Rumors”, “detectives”, “testimonies”, etc., related to allegations of the highest state power. Such materials have been out of the sight of specialists for many years.

This study was used by writer A. N. Tolstoy when writing the novel Peter I. According to A. N. Tolstoy,

At the end of the 16th year, the late historian V.V. Kallash, learning about my plans to write about Peter I, provided me with a book: these were the torture notes of the 17th century collected by Professor Novombergsky, the so-called “Word and Deed” deeds ... I saw, felt , he felt: Russian language ... The clerks and clerk of Muscovite Russia skillfully recorded the testimony, their task was concise and accurate, preserving all the features of the speech of the tortured, to convey his story. The task of its kind is literary. And here I saw in all its purity the Russian language. It was a language that Russians have spoken for a thousand years, but no one ever wrote. In judicial, torture acts - the language of the matter, they did not shun the "mean" speech, there told, moaned, lied, screamed in pain and fear, people's Russia. The language is clean, simple, imaginative, flexible. As if purposely created for great art.

Novombergsky also studied the history of medicine and veterinary medicine in Russia. A number of the works of the scientist received were marked by the Academy of Sciences . So, the first four volumes of his capital study “Materials on the history of medicine in Russia” (with the publication of documents) were awarded the full big prize named after Count A. S. Uvarov; fifth volume - a small prize named after Count A. S. Uvarov. The study “Medical Engineering in Pre-Petrine Rus” in 1908 received a large prize named after Count A. S. Uvarov. The monograph “The Experience of the Russian Veterinary Pharmacopoeia in the Half of the 18th Century” was awarded the Small Prize named after Count A. S. Uvarov.

The scientist’s scientific interests also included the history of mills in Russia (the book “Food Construction”, which showed the multifaceted importance of the mill business for the development of the country), the history of treasures and treasure hunting, etc.

At the same time he was engaged in active journalistic activities, published in Siberian newspapers. He was distinguished by his conflicting nature, clashed with colleagues at the university (who belonged to the cadet party), sued the Siberian Life newspaper four times, accusing her of “trading in the public interest”).

In 1917, he briefly joined the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries , was an active supporter of the Siberian regional movement. In 1917 he was elected a member of the Siberian Regional Duma . In March 1918 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities in Tomsk . After the overthrow of the Bolshevik power in Siberia, he became a fellow Minister of Native Affairs of the Provisional Siberian Government. On November 4, 1918, he was a fellow Minister of the Interior of the Provisional All-Russian, and on November 18, 1918, the Russian government, acting under the Supreme Ruler, Admiral A.V. Kolchak . The structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs then included the structures of the abolished Ministry of Native Affairs, which Novombergsky was in charge of. However, he soon became disillusioned with the Kolchak authorities and on February 21, 1919 was dismissed according to a personal request (he actually retired in January).

He criticized a number of actions of the white regime, which he accused of embezzlement and lawlessness, including in connection with the project to create the Export State Bank and abuse at the Vladivostok customs. At the same time he was engaged in cultural and educational activities of Cossack units. Published in the newspaper Zarya, closed by white military authorities. He led the financial and economic department of the Council of Cooperative Congresses.

After the defeat of the Kolchak troops, he continued to engage in teaching at the Omsk Agricultural Institute. May 10, 1920 was arrested, sentenced by the Extraordinary Revolutionary Tribunal of Siberia to imprisonment until the end of the civil war with the use of forced labor.

In 1920, in Omsk, he compiled an extensive note, “Economic Stratification of the Rural Population of Siberia in Connection with the Main Issues of Economic Policy”. In August 1920, he was allowed to work in his specialty, in 1921 - economist of the economic department of the Sibrevkom. From 1921 to December 1928 he worked in the Siberian Regional Planning Commission: member of the board (since 1921), deputy chairman of the commission (since 1927 ), chairman of the Bureau for the Study of Productive Forces of the Siberian Territory, chairman of the Siberian Electrification Bureau. He was a member of the board of the Soviet Society for the Study of Siberia and its productive forces. For several years he was a member of the editorial board of the journal "Life of Siberia", in which he published a large number of articles on issues of Siberian economic life. Edited the directory "All Siberia and the Far East."

At the end of 1928 he was fired and deprived of suffrage. In the first half of 1929, by decree of the Supreme Economic Council of Siberia, he participated in the preparation of the forestry plan of Siberia. He was critical of the Soviet regime. According to the secret department of the OPGU, he said:

Staying for some time among the professors of Tomsk University, I noticed that the professors are divided into two camps - “left” and “right”. I look at it this way: the “right” are people of pure science, and the “left” are careerists singing the laudatory hymns of the ruling party of the CPSU. Now, in order to become a prominent professor, you only need to learn how to succumb, as the “leftists” do, you will reach the academy, and the elections to the Academy convinced me of this even more: whoever sang the laudatory hymns of Marxist science was chosen to the Academy. I and all others — honest scientists — do not want to be members of any Academy, which is a branch of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

In 1929-1930 he was the scientific secretary and organizer of the Sulakstroy commission in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . On behalf of the Council of People's Commissars of the Dagestan Republic, he developed the main option for organizing a chemical plant for using a hydroelectric power station on the Sulak River.

In January 1930 he was arrested in Moscow , sentenced to five years in prison. He was prematurely released and sent to Arkhangelsk , where he lived on odd jobs. In 1943, without defending a dissertation, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences. In 1943-1949 - professor of the Arkhangelsk State Pedagogical Institute , Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute . During the Great Patriotic War he completed work on the history of ore business in Russia.

In Arkhangelsk he said to his students:

If you young people will be engaged in science, then you must do this systematically. Let a little, but always. And remember: history can be dealt with everywhere. Record the testimonies of people about past events, look for documents on the ground. The history of Russia is fabulously rich, it has been compiled everywhere, and all this must be patiently collected and written. There are no petty topics in history; there are only petty researchers.

• Materials for studying the life of immigrants settled in the Tobolsk province. Issue 1. Tobolsk, 1898.
• Volost Court, transformed by Law of June 2, 1989: A Practical Guide. Tobolsk, 1900. 2nd edition - Tomsk, 1900.
• In Siberia. Collection of articles on peasant law, national; education, economics and agriculture. St. Petersburg, 1903.
• Sakhalin island. St. Petersburg, 1903.
• Traditional medicine in the Moscow state. St. Petersburg, 1904.
• Features of medical practice in Moscow Russia (cultural and historical essay). St. Petersburg, 1904.
• Materials on the history of medicine in Russia. Volume I — IV. St. Petersburg, 1906-1907. Volume V, Tomsk, 1910.
• Medical structure in pre-Petrine Russia. Tomsk, 1907.
• The word and deed of the sovereign. Volume I — II, M., 1909; Tomsk, 1911. Second edition - M., 2004.
• The experience of the Russian Veterinary Pharmacopoeia in the half of the XVIII century. M., 1912.
• Essays on internal governance in Moscow Rus of the 17th century. Food construction: materials. Volume I — II. Tomsk, 1914-1915.
• Treasures and treasure hunting in Moscow Russia of the 17th century. Pg., 1915.
• Materials on the history of exploration and prospecting for minerals in the Russian state of the XVII century. // Essays on the history of geological knowledge. 1959. Issue 8 (co-authored with L.A. Goldenberg and V.V. Tikhomirov).
• Press release in France, Germany, England and Russia. / In the book: History of the Press: Anthology. T. 1. M., 2001.

• The trial of Kolchak ministers. May 1920.M., 2003.
• Zvyagin S.P. Social and scientific activity N.Ya. Novombergsky // Intellectual and industrial potential of Russian regions: Vseros. scientific reading. October 26-28. / ed. count A.M. Adamenko, V.N. Brel, L.I. Gvozdkova et al. Kemerovo: KemSU, 1999.P. 47-50.

• E.I. Ovsyankin. Russian historian Nikolai Novomberg
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