Throat singing is a singing technique with an unusual articulation in the throat or larynx, characteristic of traditional (especially cult) music of the peoples of Siberia, Mongolia, Tibet and Turkic peoples.
Content
- 1 Execution
- 2 Directions
- 3 Types of throat singing
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
Execution
| Pure overtone singing | |
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| Throat singing | |
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| Throat singing with overtone | |
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| Sygyt | |
| Playback help | |
| Kargıraa | |
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Usually, throat singing consists of the main tone (low-frequency “buzzing”) and the upper voice, which moves along the tones of a natural scale (4 to 13 overtones are usually used).
The overtones are clearly audible when the sound components are amplified by changing the shape of the resonating cavities of the mouth, throat and pharynx. This allows the singer to issue several tones at the same time.
Destinations
Throat singing is characteristic of the culture of a number of Turkic ( Tuvans , Tofalars , Altai , Bashkirs , Khakases , Yakuts , Kazakhs , Kyrgyz ), Mongolian ( Mongols , Buryats , Kalmyks ) and Tungus-Manchu ( Evenks ) peoples. Altai and Khakass people have a kai , hai style, primarily intended for the performance of long epic tales. The throat singing of the Bashkirs is called Uzlau . In Yakuts it has the name "Khabarҕa yryata". In terms of sound and technique, this ancient Yakut style is identical with the Tuvan style of “kargyraa”.
Tuvan throat singing uses chorecteer . Often, throat singing as a whole in Mongolia and Tuva is indicated by the word khoomei , as this is the most common and internally diverse style in the region.
Tibetans use throat singing to recite the Buddhist canon, and in the Tibetan tradition there are a number of training institutes that train throat singers in a specialized way. Among them are the monasteries of Gyume (Gyudmed) and Gyuto .
There is throat singing in the cultures of the South African people of the spit , where it is called umngqokolo [2] [3] and Canadian Inuit ( or Iirngaaq [4] ). Both nations are traditionally performed by women.
In Europe, throat singing is used by shepherds on about. Sardinia .
Types of Throat Singing
- kargyraa (kyrkyra; among Tuvans - allows extracting non-intertones )
- khoomei (kyume)
- play (dried up)
- borbannadyr (berbender)
- esengileer
See also
- Vote
Notes
- ↑ Riemann by Shedlock 1876, p. 143: “let it be understood, the second overtone is not the third tone of the series, but the second. ( Eng. let it be understood, the second overtone is not the third tone of the series, but the second. ) "
- ↑ Dr. Dave Dargie “UMNGQOKOLO - Thembu Xhosa - OVERTONE SINGING filmed 1985-1998 in South Africa”. (eng.)
- ↑ Darji, Dave . "Xhosa Overtone Singing" The world of South African music: A reader. Cambridge Scholars Press, 2005. 152-155 Google Books Web. [1]
- ↑ Interviewing Inuit Elders, Glossary . Iirngaaq (English) . Nunavut Arctic College . Date of treatment January 31, 2018. Archived on February 8, 2012.
Literature
- Aksenov A.N. Tuvinian folk music. Moscow, 1964.
- Mazepus V.V. Articulatory classification and principles of notation of timbres of musical folklore // Folklore. Integrated textology. Moscow, 1998.
- Harvilahti L. Altai throat singing: computer-based analysis of phonorecords // Folklore. Integrated textology. Moscow, 1998.
- Mazepus V.V. Throat singing // Big Russian Encyclopedia. T.7. Moscow, 2007, p. 439.
- V. Suzukey. Tuvan throat singing “khoomei” in the context of modernity // World of Science, Culture, Education No. 2, 2007, Gorno-Altaisk, p. 48-51
Links
- Riemann by Shedlock. Dictionary of Music . - Augener & Co., London, 1876.
- Overtone.ru , the site of throat singing
- Music of the peoples of Siberia , digitized records (free access)
- Vargan and throat singing, a conversation with Olga Scotland