In coena domini ( lat. “At the table of the Lord,” also “at the Lord's Supper” [1] ) are the opening words of the famous recurrent (repeating) bull , published by Urban V in 1363 . At the behest of Pius V, Bulla was announced annually in Rome on Maundy Thursday .
The ceremony was held on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica in the presence of the pope , the College of Cardinals and the Roman Curia . The bullo was first read in Latin by the auditor of the Holy Roman Company , and then in Italian by Cardinal Deacon . At the end of the reading, dad threw a lighted wax torch into the square below.
Content
Bull content
Bull defended the legal claims of the papal throne, establishing a list of misconduct, absolution for which was allowed only with the permission of the pope and excommunicating all who committed these acts. Since the appearance of the bull, this list has repeatedly been replenished: if under Urban V it contained seven items, then under Gregory XI - already 9, under Martin V - 10, under Julius II - 12, under Paul III - 17, under Gregory XIII - 20. The final form was given to the list by Urban VIII , in which the following offenses were excommunicated:
- Apostasy, heresy and schism .
- Appeals on decisions of the pope to the general church council.
- Piracy in the papal seas.
- Looting of wrecked ships and the capture of shipwreck fragments.
- The introduction of new taxes and fees or an increase in the old in cases where this is not permitted by law or there is no permission from the Holy See .
- Fake apostolic decrees and papal bulls .
- The supply of weapons, uniforms and other military goods to the Saracens , Turks or other enemies of Christianity
- Obstruction of the supply of food and other goods of the Roman curia .
- The use of violence to travelers on the way to and from the Roman Curia.
- The use of violence to cardinals .
- The use of violence against papal legates , nunciations , etc.
- The use of violence against persons settling the affairs of the Roman Curia.
- Appeals from a church court to a secular
- Transfer of jurisdiction of spiritual issues from church courts to secular.
- Consideration of cases of persons of the clergy in secular courts.
- Tally to church judges.
- Seizure or seizure of church property without the permission of the relevant church officials.
- The introduction of tithes and taxes on clergy without the special permission of the pope.
- Intervention of secular judges in cases of crimes of the clergy.
- Invasion, occupation or usurpation of any part of the papal lands.
Bull's Political Importance
Although the earliest editions of the bulla ordered all patriarchs, archbishops and bishops to ensure regular publication of the bulla in their areas, this requirement was not fulfilled. So, in 1582, Philip II of Spain expelled the papal nuncio from the borders of his kingdom for trying to publish a bull. The publication of the bull was banned in France and Portugal . In 1580, the French parliament ordered that the bishops in whose districts the bull will be read be brought to justice and that their property and income be sequestered [2] .
Public reading of the bulla was discontinued by Pope Clement XIV in 1770 , but the bulla continued to operate until in 1869 under Pius IX it was replaced by the constitution of Apostolicæ Sedis .
Notes
- ↑ Lozinsky S. G. The Papacy in the period from the Westphalian Peace to the bourgeois revolution of the 18th century in France // History of the papacy.
- ↑ Drahomanov M. The struggle for spiritual power and freedom of conscience in the XVI-XVII century // Drahomanov M.P. Vibrane ("... my idea is to lay out the essay on civilization in Ukraine"). Kiev, 1991.688 s.
Literature
- In coena domini // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- In Cœna Domini // Catholic Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Le Bret, JF Pragmatische Geschichte der so berufenen Bulle in Coena Domini und ihrer fürchterlichen Folgen für den Staat und die Kirche, zur Beurteilung aller Streitigkeiten unseres Jahrhunderts mit dem römischen Hof. Leipzig, 1769 .