Genki [1] [2] ( . 亀 Genki ) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperor Ogimati [3] [1] , used from 1570 to 1573 [1] [4] .
| Genki | |
|---|---|
| jap. 元 亀 | |
| Serial number | 210 |
| Ruling emperor | Ohimati |
| Duration | 1570-1573 years |
| Previous era | Eiroku |
| Next era | Tensho |
Content
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [4] [5] [1]
- The 23rd day of the 4th moon of the 13th year to Ayroku (according to the Julian calendar - May 27, 1570);
- The 28th day of the 7th moon of the 4th year of Genki (according to the Julian calendar - August 25, 1573).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed:
- from Shi jing : 「憬 彼 淮夷 、 来 献 其 、 元 亀 象 歯 大 賂 南 金」 [4] ;
- from the 1st juan " Wenxuan ": 「元 亀 水 処 、 潜 竜 蟠 於 沮 沢 、 応 鳴 鼓 而 興 雨」 [4] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
- 1570 (6th moon of the 1st year of Genki) - Battle of Anegawa - a battle between the forces of the Adzai clan (led by Azai Nagamas ) and the Asakura clan (headed by Asakura Yoshikage ) on the one hand and the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu - with another; ended with the victory of the latter [6] ;
- 1571 (9th moon of the 2nd year of Genki) - Oda Nobunaga’s troops entered Omi province, surrounded Mount Hiei and brutally killed the monks there (20 thousand people died in total); after that, Oda gave the order to burn any building on the mountain; the buildings of Honganji in Osaka were also destroyed [7] [8] ;
- 1573 (12th moon of the 3rd year of Genki) - Battle of Mikatagahara - a battle in Totomi province between the troops of Takeda Shingen , a daimyo from Kai province, and the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu [9] ;
- 1573 (2nd moon of the 4th year of Genki) - challenging Ode Nobunage, Yoshinaka fortified himself in Nijo Castle and asked for help from Azai Nagamas, Asakuru Yoshikage and Takedu Shingen [10] ;
- 1573 (4th year of Genki) - Muromachi shogunate ceased to exist [7] .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year of Genki ( Metal Horse ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | February 5, 1570 | March 7th | April 6th | 5 May | June 4th | 3 July | August 2 | August 31 | September 30th | 29th of October | November 28 | 27th of December | |
| 2nd year of Genki ( Earth Goat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 26, 1571 | 24 February | 26 March | April 24th | May 24th | June 23 | July 22 | August 21 | September 19th | October 19th | November 17th | December 17th | |
| 3rd year of Genki ( Metal Monkey ) | 1st moon | 1st moon (leap) * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 15, 1572 | The 14th of February | March 14th | April 13th | 12 May | June 11 | July 10th | August 9th | 8 September | October 7th | November 6th | 5th of December | January 4, 1573 |
| 4th year of Genki ( Water Rooster ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 3, 1573 | March 4th | April 2 | May 2 | May 31 | June 29 | July 29 | August 28 | September 26th | October 26th | November 25 | December 24th |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 749.
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 204.
- ↑ East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 （ニ ッ ポ ニ カ）』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 388.
- ↑ 1 2 Daniel Eliseev . Oda Nobunaga - commander // History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean. - Publisher: Eurasia, 2009 - ISBN 978-5-8071-0303-1 .
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 388-389.
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 389.
- ↑ Hisashi, Fujiki et al. (1981). "The Political Posture of Oda Nobunaga", in Japan Before Tokugawa , p. 169.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.
- (English) William Bramsen. Chronological tables // Japanese chronological tables, showing the date, according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, of the first day of each Japanese month: from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD): with an introductory essay On Japanese chronology and calendars . - 1910. - P. 50-131.