Eiroku [1] [2] ( 永禄 永禄 eiroku ) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperor Ogimati [3] [1] , used from 1558 to 1570 [1] [4] .
| Eiroku | |
|---|---|
| jap. 永禄 | |
| Serial number | 209 |
| Ruling emperor | Ohimati |
| Duration | 1558-1570 years |
| Previous era | Koji |
| Next era | Genki |
Content
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [4] [5] [1]
- 28th day of the 2nd moon of the 4th year of Koji (according to the Julian calendar - March 18, 1558);
- The 23rd day of the 4th moon of the 13th year to Eyroku (according to the Julian calendar , May 27, 1570)
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the 26th juan of the ancient Chinese composition Qun Shu Zhi Yao ( Chinese 群 書 治 要 , Pinyin : Qún shū zhì yào , literally: “Various books about the essence of management”): 「能 保 世 持家 、 永全 福禄 者 也 」 [4] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
- 1558 - 1569 years (1st - 12th years of Airoku) - on the orders of the Miyoshi clan, who owned the provinces of Ava , Sanuki and Awaji , a code of laws "Shinka seishiki" was compiled [6] ;
- June 12, 1560 (19th day of the 5th moon of the 3rd year of Eiroku) - Battle of Okehazama : Imagawa Yoshimoto , who led the troops of the province of Suruga against Owari , was defeated by Oda Nobunaga , who became the head of the province of Owari; Tokugawa Ieyasu occupied the Mikawa province and became the owner of Okazaki Castle ( 岡 崎 城 Okazaki Jo:) [7] ;
- 1560 (1st moon of the 3rd year of Eiroku) - the ceremony of coronation of Emperor Ogimati; money for it was allocated by Mori Motonari and others [7] ;
- 1563 (6th year of Eiroku) - Japanese pirates sacked the Chinese city of Nanjing [8] ;
- 1564 (the 7th year of Eyroku) - Oda Nobunaga completed the conquest of the province of Mino and built the castle of Gifu [9] ;
- 1567 (10th year of Eiroku) - on the orders of Rokkaku Yoshikata and Rokkaku Yoshiharu, who owned the southern part of Omi province, a code of laws “Rokkakushi Sikimoku” was compiled [6] ;
- 1568 (2nd moon of the 11th year of Eiroku) - Ashikaga Yoshihide became a shogun [10] ;
- 1568 (9th moon of the 11th year of Eiroku) - Ashikaga Yoshihide died of a contagious disease [10] .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Eiroku ( Earth Horse ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 6th moon (leap) * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | January 20, 1558 | February 19th | 20th of March | April 19th | May 18 | June 16th | July 16 | August 14 | 12-th of September | October 12th | 10th of November | December 10th | January 9, 1559 |
| 2nd year of Eiroku ( Earth Goat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 8, 1559 | 9th of March | April 8th | May 7th | June 6th | 5'th of July | August 4 | September 2 | October 1st | October 31 | 29th of November | December 29th | |
| 3rd year of Eiroku ( Metal Monkey ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | January 28, 1560 | February 26th | March 27th | 26 April | May 25th | June 24 | July 23 | August 22 | September 20 | October 19th | November 18th | December 17th | |
| 4th year of Eiroku ( Metal Rooster ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 3rd moon (leap) * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 16, 1561 | The 14th of February | March 16th | April 15th | May 14 | June 13th | July 13 | 11th August | 10 September | October 9th | November 7th | December 7th | January 5, 1562 |
| 5th year of Eiroku ( Water Dog ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 4, 1562 | the 5th of March | April, 4 | May 3 | 2 June | July 2 | July 31 | August 30th | September 28th | 28 of October | November 27 | December 26th | |
| 6th year of Eiroku ( Water pig ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | 12th moon (leap) |
| Julian calendar | January 24, 1563 | February 23 | March 24 | April 23 | 22nd of May | 21st of June | July 20 | August 19 | September 18th | 17 October | November 16th | December 16th | January 14, 1564 |
| 7th year of Eiroku ( Wood Rat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 13, 1564 | March 13 | April 11th | May 11th | the 9th of June | July 9th | August 7 | 6 September | October 5th | November 4th | December 4th | January 3, 1565 | |
| 8th year of Eiroku ( Wooden Bull ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 1, 1565 | March, 3rd | April 1st | April 30 | May 30 | June 28 | July 27th | August, 26th | September 24th | October 24th | November 23rd | December 23 | |
| 9th year of Eiroku ( Fire Tiger ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 8th moon (leap) * | 9th moon | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 22, 1566 | February 20th | March 22 | 20 April | May 19 | June 18th | July 17th | August 15 | September 14th | October 13th | November 12th | 12 December | January 11, 1567 |
| 10th year of Eiroku ( Fire Rabbit ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 9, 1567 | 11th of March | April 10th | May 9 | June 7th | July 7th | 5th of August | September 3rd | October 3rd | Nov. 1 | December 1st | 31th of December | |
| 11th year of Eiroku ( Earth Dragon ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | January 29, 1568 | 28th of February | March 29 | April 27th | May 27th | June 25 | July 25th | August 23 | September 21st | October 21 | November 19th | December 19th | |
| 12th year of Eiroku ( Earth Snake ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 5th moon (leap) * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Julian calendar | January 17, 1569 | February 16th | March 18 | April 17th | 16th of May | June 15th | the 14 th of July | August 13th | 11 September | October 10th | November 9 | December 8th | January 7, 1570 |
| 13th year of Eiroku ( Metal Horse ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 5, 1570 | March 7th | April 6th | 5 May | June 4th | 3 July | August 2 | August 31 | September 30th | 29th of October | November 28 | 27th of December |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 749.
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 209.
- ↑ East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ)』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ 1 2 Imagawa kanamokuroku // East, No. 6. 2009
- ↑ 1 2 Titsing, 1834 , p. 383.
- ↑ Daniel Eliseev . The era of Muromachi (1392-1573). Trade Relations // History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean. - Publisher: Eurasia, 2009 - ISBN 978-5-8071-0303-1 .
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 385.
- ↑ 1 2 Titsing, 1834 , p. 386.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.
- (English) William Bramsen. Chronological tables // Japanese chronological tables, showing the date, according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, of the first day of each Japanese month: from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD): with an introductory essay On Japanese chronology and calendars . - 1910. - P. 50-131.