Yablonovo (Korochansky district)

The village is located 60 km north-east of Belgorod and 15 km from the city of Korocha .

XVII — XVIII centuries

The construction of the fortified city of Yablonov began on April 16, 1637, as one of the key defensive points of the Belgorod zasechny line . The fortress was erected directly on the Izyum gentry in order to block this route for the raids of the Crimean Tatars and Nogai in Russia . On both sides of the fortress high earthen ramparts were erected that impeded the advancement of the cavalry. Ivan Andreev was the technical supervisor of the construction of the Yablonovsky prison and the earthen rampart, Andrey Buturlin , the stolnik.

5 thousand Moscow archers were sent to build a fortress from Moscow to Belgorod region ^[2] , in addition to them, servicemen from neighboring fortresses of Belgorod and Oskol took part in the construction of the defense lines. The wooden prison was erected in record time - already by April 30, 1637, there were erected walls with a length of 202 fathoms (430 m) and 6 chopped towers ^[3] . The earthen rampart near Yablonov reached a height of almost 4 m. A moat was dug from the “Crimean side”, with sharp oak stakes at the bottom of it. In 1677, the garrison of the fortified city of Yablonov totaled 403 children of the boyars, 120 archers, 101 Cossacks, 13 gunners and 13 stanchiks ^[4] .

Very quickly Yablonov became one of the most fortified cities on the Belgorod line ^[5] , with the construction of the city of Yablonov the Yablonovsky section of the Belgorod defensive line was formed. At a 40-kilometer distance, he firmly blocked the way for enemies and did not allow them to penetrate deep into Russia. In addition, in 1644 the Yablonovsky Uyezd was formed. In the XVIII century, the Yablonovsky district was first part of the Kiev (from 1708), and then the Belgorod (since 1727) provinces. Since 1764, the unification of the Yablonovsky Uyezd with Novooskolsky was outlined, then in 1779, when the Belgorod province was disbanded, the Yablonovsky Uyezd was liquidated, and its settlements became part of the Novooskolsky and Starooskolsky districts ^[6] . In the same year, Yablonov loses his status as a city.

XIX century

Since the end of the 18th century, the former fortress has become the village of Bolshoy Yablonovo. With the loss of the defensive significance of the settlement, a radical change in the activity of the population takes place here. Gradually, the number of fairs, local sales, bazaars, shops and shops in Yablonovo increased. Lavatory crafts prevailed; of the local crafts, gardening was famous. Apples and pears were sold to merchants at a fair in the village of Khalan . A common latrine was a Kosovitsa and egg picking.

In 1810, a stone Dmitrievskaya church was built in the village. In 1846, a parish school was opened in the village, which was located in a gatehouse next to the church. In 1893, a solid, brick school building was opened in the village of Yablonovo, it was four years old. All children were accepted to school, but due to poverty of people at times children could not attend school ^[3] .

XX century

On March 26, 1918, a detachment of red partisans was organized in the Yablonovka volost, led by Pavel Fedorovich Sharov.

In 1928, the creation of collective farms began. Four collective farms were created in the village: Budyonny, Voroshilov, Land of Soviets, and Red Plowman. On the collective farm “Red Plowman” in 1929, the first Fordson tractor appeared.

In 1931, the Yablonovskaya elementary school was transformed into a seven-year school and it became known as the "School of Peasant Youth". 800 children studied here, the occupancy of classes is 40-42 students.

From December 1941 to April 1942, a military airfield was based in the village of Yablonovo. Pilots of the 135th Bomber Regiment flew from it to combat missions. The Germans occupied the village on June 30, 1942. February 5, 1943 Yablonovo was freed from the German invaders. The 100th Infantry Division under the command of General Perkhorovich F.I. took part in the liberation .

In 1955, the united collective farm “Russia” was organized on the territory of the village of Yablonovo, as small collective farms were not able to ensure their profitability. In the same year, the Yablonovskaya school becomes secondary, a library opens in the village. In 1956, the first power station was built in the village of the Skoda brand. She worked on a solarium , electricity went to the lighting of the school.

In 1958, the Yablonovsky House of Culture was built. In the same year, a maternity hospital was opened in the village, which worked until 1963.

The dynamic development of the village took place in the 70s of the XX century. An asphalt road Yablonovo-Korocha was laid, a pig-breeding complex, a breeding pig farm and feedlots were built in the village. The collective farm began to specialize in the production of pork meat; 30-35 centners of pork were produced per year. On October 2, 1972, the doors of the new building of the Yablonovskaya school for 400 people opened.

In 1987, a medical dispensary was opened in Yablonovo, and dental, obstetric and children's rooms began to work. In the same year, a new model kindergarten with 90 places was opened. Near the House of Culture, fountains were built and a Board of Honor was created at the clubhouse. A monument with eternal flame and three fountains was restored, pavement paths were laid.

In 1990, a public school was established on the basis of the Yablonovskaya school.

A Yablonovskaya secondary school with two preschool groups is working in the village. There is a rural House of Culture and a model library branch. In terms of healthcare, the village has a medical outpatient clinic and a local veterinary clinic. A branch of Sberbank and Russian Post has been opened.

• In the village of Yablonovo there is the temple of the Great Martyr Demetrius of Solunsky , built in 1810. The temple is an architectural monument and is listed in the Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage Sites .

• Near the village, within the framework of the project for the creation of the cultural and historical cluster Belgorod Zashchitnaya Zashchita, a complex was erected - the fortified city of Yablonov, which was recreated according to archival drawings and plans in a collective way of the 17th century archery outpost. 25 buildings, including watch towers, guardhouse, governor’s house, craft workshops, a courtyard with a mill, cellars and even a small church with a bell tower and a chapel - everything was done by modern builders manually. For tourists, the fortified city will open in August 2019 ^[8] .