Notobatrachus degiustoi (lat.) - a type of mineral amphibians of the Salientia superorder. More than a hundred specimens of this species of different sizes and stages of ontogenesis [1] were found in the La Maltilde formation in the territory of the Argentine province of Santa Cruz [2] . The age of the representatives of this species is estimated by the Bat century [3] , which puts them a little closer to the modern tailless than the most ancient frogs from the genera Prosalirus and Vieraella . Previously, it was decided to include the genus Notobatrachus in the base of the family of smooth - legged squad of tailless , but since 2008 Notobatrachus has been classified outside this order.
† Notobatrachus degiustoi |
Art reconstruction Notobatrachus degiustoi |
Scientific classification |
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No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
View: | † Notobatrachus degiustoi |
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International Scientific Name |
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Notobatrachus degiustoi Reig, 1956 |
Geochronology Bat century168.3—166.1 Ma | million years | Period | Era | Eon |
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2.588 | Even | | | Ka | F but n e R about s about th | 23.03 | Neogene | 66.0 | Paleogene | 145.5 | a piece of chalk | M e s about s about th | 199.6 | Yura | 251 | Triassic | 299 | Permian | P but l e about s about th | 359.2 | Carbon | 416 | Devonian | 443.7 | Silur | 488.3 | Ordovician | 542 | Cambrian | 4570 | Precambrian |
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction◄ Triassic extinction◄ Perm mass extinction◄ Devonian extinction◄ Ordovician-Silurian extinction◄ Cambrian explosion |
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Content
Opening HistoryThe well-preserved imprints of whole skeletons and separate bones of Notobatrachus degustoj have been found, since 1955, in three different places of the La Matilde formation in the Argentine province of Santa Cruz . Notobatrachus was found in the layers belonging to the Bat lineage (middle section of the Jurassic system ). A holotype was assigned to MACN 17.720, a complete animal skeleton [4] . The detected specimens include both just-gone metamorphosis individuals (and the youngest one was still in the tadpole stage at the late stage of metamorphosis [1] ), as well as adults, fully formed individuals. The importance of this species for the study of tailless paleozoology was that, at least until 2000, it was the most ancient representative of tailless, known for more than a single specimen [5] .
DescriptionThe length of representatives of this species is usually 90 [1] —120 mm, but specimens up to 150 mm in length were found [6] . Many anatomical characteristics of this animal change in the process of ontogenesis . The skull of Notobatrachus degiustoi was flattened, wider than the long one. The quadrato-jugal part of the upper jaw of this species (unlike Notobatrachus reigi ) is absent. The teeth of Notobatrachus were pedicillary and were located both on the upper jaw and on the premaxillary. Notobatrachus had 9 pre-sacral vertebrae (smaller than all the still open earlier than Notobatrachus jumping), which is comparable to the primitive families of now living tailless [1] . Like the modern tailless, Notobatrachus degiustoi had the elbow and radius of the forelimbs welded together and the tibial and fibula of the hind limbs [7] .
SystematicsNotobatrachus degiustoi belongs to the genus Notobatrachus , which was considered monotypic until 2008, when the second species of the genus Notobatrachus , Notobatrachus reigi , was described [8] . This genus was classified in 1973 as belonging to the early members of the family of smooth-legged [7] (with the existing members of this family are united by, among other things, the presence of 9 pre-sacral vertebrae , the maximum for the now living tailless [9] ). According to the classification of 2004, Notobatrahus refers to sister to smooth-footed clade [9] . Scientists who discovered the second species in 2008 attributed the genus to the basal representatives of the Salientia superorder [8] . Based on the accepted cladistic definition for the tailless detachment, according to which this detachment includes the common ancestor of all existing tailless and all its descendants, according to the first version of the classification Notobatrahus belongs to tailless, and the second and third - not [9] [1] .
Notes- 2 1 2 3 4 5 Baez, AM, Nicoli, L. A Jurassic Notobatrachus Reig from Patagonia (eng.) // AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.): Magazine. - 2004. - Vol. 31 , no. 3 - P. 257-270. - ISSN 0002-7014 .
- Scap Escapa, IH, Sterli, J., Pol, D., & Nicoli, L. Jurassic tetrapods and flora of the Canadon Asphalto Formation in Cerro Cóndor area, Chubut province (eng.) // Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina: Journal. - 2008. - Vol. 63 , no. 4 - P. 613-624 .
- ↑ Notobatrachus degiustoi (English) . Paleobiology Database Classic . (Checked May 4, 2016) .
- ↑ † Notobatrachus degustoj (English) information on the Fossilworks website. (Checked May 4, 2016) .
- ↑ Rocek, 2000 , p. 1303.
- ↑ Cannatella, David. 1995. Notobatrachus degiustoi . Version 01 January 1995 (under construction) in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
- ↑ 1 2 Rocek, 2000 , p. 1306.
- ↑ 1 2 Báez, AM, Nicoli, L.,. A new species of Notobatrachus (Amphibia, Salientia) from the Middle Jurassic of Northwestern Patagonia (Eng.) // Journal of Paleontology: Journal. - 2008. - Vol. 82 , no. 2 - P. 372-376 . - DOI : 10.1666 / 06-117.1 .
- 2 1 2 3 Cracraft, J., Donoghue, MJ Assembling the Tree of Life . - Oxford University Press, 2004. - P. 438. - ISBN 9780199729609 .
Literature- Rocek, Z.,. Mesozoic Anurans. // Amphibian Biology / Carroll, RL and Heatwole, H. (eds). - Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons, 2000. - Vol. 4 - Paleontology. - P. 1303-1306. - ISBN 0949324876 .
- Holman, AJ ,. Family Leiopelmatidae Mivart, 1869 // Fossil Frogs and Toads of North America. - Bloomington, IN, USA: Indiana University Press, 2003. - P. 53. - ISBN 9780253000569 .