Summer , sometimes Summer ( dr. Greek Λητώ ), Dorian form Lato , Roman Latona- in ancient Greek mythology - titanide [2] the daughter of the titan Kay and Phoebe [3] , Zeus's lover out of wedlock, mother of the twins Apollo and Artemis [4] [5] .
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She was born on an island in the Ocean against the country of the Celts , why they honor Apollo, and the Boreads reign there [6] .
Childbirth
Zeus took possession of her, turning into a quail [7] . When Summer came to give birth, the jealous Hera forbade the firmament of the earth to give the woman in labor a place for childbirth.
According to the most famous version, Hera pursued her throughout the earth, and only on the island of Delos by the lake did she give birth to Artemis , and with the help of Artemis - Apollo [8] .
Option: when Summer overtook Pifon [9] , on the orders of Zeus Boreas transferred Summer to Delos, where she, holding on to an olive, gave birth to Apollo and Artemis [10] . Or Borey brought her to Poseidon , and he transferred it to Ortigia and covered the island with waves. Python did not find him, and then Poseidon returned the island upstairs [9] .
Option: Summer turned for help to the floating island of Delos - thereby formally circumventing the Hera ban - promising to glorify him as a reward. Delos gave Summer the opportunity to give birth to children on its shores. However, Hera forbade Ilithia, a supportive mother, to help her rival. Summer was tormented by fights for several days: many goddesses gathered around her, sympathizing, but not able to do anything. Ilithia agreed to help only after the goddess offered the gift. According to one version of the myth, Ilithia delayed the birth of only Artemis after the successful birth of Apollo. According to another, Artemis was born first and immediately began to accept the birth of her brother Apollo from her mother. After the successful birth of Apollo and Artemis, the island of Delos finally became immobile.
Before this, Summer untied the belt, about to give birth, in Zoster ( Attica ), where her altar was [11] . According to Clearch, she came from Chalkida on Euboea to Delphi and gave birth there to Apollo and Artemis at the cave of Python [12] .
Or Zeus turned it into a quail and sent it to the island [13] . According to another story, Summer came in 12 days from the country of Hyperboreans to Delos in the guise of a she-wolf [14] . According to Ariston of Alexandria , she gave birth to children at the source of Ortigius in Ephesus [15]
Two trunks, which she held during childbirth, showed on Delos [16] . She bathed after childbirth in the Kengri River in the Ortigiya park in Ephesus [17] .
Having given birth to children, she wandered around Lycia and asked for water from local residents. But they muddied the water in Lake Melita, and Summer turned them into frogs [18] (according to the erroneous version, it was Demeter [19] ). She washed the children in the Xanthus River [20] . Subsequently, thanks to her children, Summer took pride of place on Olympus. [21]
Other Traditions
When the gods fled to Egypt, she turned into a shrew [22] . Patronizes quail [23] . In Delphi, a turnip is dedicated to her, which she wanted [24] . From the peaks of Taygeta, Summer looked at her daughter's hunt [25] .
Summer is considered a symbol of motherhood, maternal love and reverence by children. According to some interpretations, her image is the image of the mother goddess, glorified in children [26] .
Insulted in maternal feelings by the Theban queen Niobah , the owner of numerous sons and daughters, Summer turned to her children Apollo and Artemis with a demand for revenge, and they struck the offender with arrows from all the children.
The XXXV Orphic hymn is dedicated to her.
Correspondences in other mythologies
Roman mythology
In Roman mythology, Summer corresponds to Latona (Lato). On the seal, the Patron is depicted as a frog [27] .
Slavic mythology
B. A. Rybakov brought Summer and Latona closer to the Slavic goddess Lada [28] .
In astronomy
The asteroid is named after Leta (68) Summer , discovered in 1861
In honor of Latona, the asteroid (639) Latona , discovered in 1907, is named.
Notes
- ↑ Lubker F. Ἄρτεμις // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities According to Lubker / Ed. F.F. Zelinsky , L.A. Georgievsky , M.S. Kutorg , etc. - St. Petersburg. : Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy , 1885. - S. 163–164.
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey VI 106
- ↑ Hesiod. Theogony 404-406; Diodorus of Sicily. Historical Library V 67, 2
- ↑ Summer, in mythology // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Hesiod. Theogony 918–920
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily. Historical Library II 47, 2, link to Gekatey Abdersky
- ↑ Scholia to Pindar. Pythian songs // Losev A.F. Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. M., 1996. P.412
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 4, 1
- ↑ 1 2 Gigin. Myths 140
- ↑ Hyginus. Myths 53
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas I 31, 1; Hyperid, fr. 71 // Losev A.F. Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. M., 1996. P.528
- ↑ Athenaeum. Feast of the sages XV 701с-d // Losev A.F. Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. M., 1996. P.409
- ↑ Servius. Commentary on the "Aeneid" of Virgil III 73 // Losev A.F. Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. M., 1996. P.663
- ↑ Aristotle. Animal History VI 35 (183); Alian. On the nature of animals X 26 // Losev A.F. Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. M., 1996. S. 571
- ↑ Tacitus. Annals III 61; Scholia to Pindar. Nemean songs I 10 // Comment by D. O. Torshilov in the book. Gigin. Myths St. Petersburg, 2000. S.75
- ↑ Ovid. Metamorphoses XIII 635
- ↑ Strabo. Geography XIV 1, 20 (p. 639)
- ↑ Ovid. Metamorphoses VI 339–381; Antonin Liberal. Metamorphoses 35, 4; First Vatican mythograph II 85, 1
- ↑ First Vatican mythograph I 10, 2
- ↑ Antonin Liberal. Metamorphoses 35, 2
- ↑ Hesiod, Theogony
- ↑ Antonin Liberal. Metamorphoses 28, 3
- ↑ Solin 11, 20
- ↑ Polemon, FR. 36 Preler
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas III 20, 5
- ↑ core
- ↑ Pliny the Elder. Natural History XXXVII 10
- ↑ B.A. Rybakov. Paganism of the ancient Slavs. - M .: Nauka, 1994 .-- 610 p. - ISBN 5020095850 .
Literature
- Summer, in mythology // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Lubker F. The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities . M., 2001. In 3 vol. T. 2. S.259
- Myths of the peoples of the world . M., 1991-92. In 2 t. T. 2. S.51-52