Pharmacy (from other Greek. Ἀποθήκη - warehouse, storage) is a special specialized organization of the healthcare system that is engaged in the manufacture, packaging, analysis and sale of medicines .
A pharmacy is traditionally considered as a health care institution, and its activity is formulated as "providing pharmaceutical assistance to the population." Pharmaceutical assistance includes a procedure for consulting a doctor and patient in order to determine the most effective, safe and economically viable course of treatment.
As state-regulated drugstores, pharmacies emerged in the 8th century in Baghdad [1] .
The opening of the first pharmacy in Russia took place in 1581. In the XVII century, the highest authority on medical and pharmacy was the Pharmaceutical Order . In 1701, Peter I issued a decree on the organization of private pharmacies in Moscow. At the end of the 18th century, there were approximately 100 pharmacies in Russia. Their activities were determined by the Pharmaceutical Charter of 1789 . By 1914, there were 4791 pharmacies in Russia. On December 28, 1918, by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, pharmacies were nationalized and transferred to the People's Commissariat of Health [1] .
Content
Classification by nature of
- Production - in production pharmacies there are production facilities (assistant, washing, distillation (cocktails), boxes, etc.), where medicines are made, and a trading floor. Pharmacists and pharmacists can be involved in the manufacture of medicines according to prescriptions and prescriptions of doctors, under the supervision of a pharmacist-technologist and pharmacist-analyst. The latter conducts a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prepared forms. Several decades ago, in the assistant’s office, we distinguished places for making soft (ointments, suppositories), liquid (potions, solutions) and solid (powders) forms. Eye drops and injection solutions are made under aseptic conditions of the box.
- Pharmacies of finished dosage forms - pharmacies of this type are engaged only in the sale of medicines manufactured at the factories of manufacturing companies.
Classification by nature of vacation
For pharmacy organizations, GOST 91500.05.0007-2003 established the following classification.
Pharmacy (Actually)
It can carry out the following functions:
- sale of ready-made medicines (including homeopathic medicines) to the population according to prescriptions and without prescriptions by a doctor, healthcare institutions according to requirements or requests;
- the manufacture of medicines according to prescriptions of doctors and the requirements of healthcare institutions, the manufacture of intra-pharmacy blanks in accordance with the approved prescriptions and the packaging of medicines and herbal raw materials with their subsequent sale;
finished dosage forms
- dispensing medicines free of charge or at a discount to certain groups of the population in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and on the basis of agreements concluded with the territorial health authorities, medical institutions and insurance companies;
- sale of medicinal plant materials in factory packaging; medical products (in particular, patient care items, medical equipment products, including preventive supplies, diagnostic products, treatment and prophylactic underwear, hosiery, bandages , child care items, first aid kits and others); disinfectants; personal hygiene items (products) (in particular, skin, hair, aromatic oils and others); optics (in particular, finished glasses, eyewear, and others); mineral waters (natural and artificial); medical, children's and dietary nutrition (in particular, nutritional supplements for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes and others); cosmetic and perfumery products (hereinafter referred to as goods permitted for dispensing from pharmacy organizations);
- vacation items through the rental point in accordance with the established procedure;
- providing the public with the necessary information on the proper use and storage of medicines at home;
- providing medical workers with healthcare facilities, education, social security, and other necessary information about the drugs available at the pharmacy, as well as about new drugs;
- first aid;
- providing advice to ensure responsible self-medication.
Pharmacy
It can carry out the following functions:
- sale of drugs to the population according to doctor’s prescriptions (except for narcotic drugs, psychotropic, potent and toxic substances) and without a doctor’s prescription; the implementation of pre-packaged medicinal plant materials in factory packaging, medical devices, personal care items (means);
- the manufacture of medicines according to the prescriptions of the doctor, the manufactured intra-pharmacy blanks in accordance with the approved prescriptions and the packaging of medicines with their subsequent sale;
- dispensing medicines free of charge or at a discount to certain groups of the population in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and on the basis of agreements concluded with the territorial health authorities, medical institutions and insurance companies;
- providing the public with the necessary information on the proper use and storage of medicines at home; providing advice to ensure responsible self-medication;
- providing medical personnel of healthcare institutions, education, social security with the necessary information about the medicines available at the pharmacy, as well as about new medicines;
- first aid
Pharmacy kiosk
It can carry out the following functions:
- sale of drugs to the population without a doctor’s prescription; the implementation of pre-packaged medicinal plant materials in factory packaging, medical devices, personal care items (means);
- providing the public with the necessary information on the proper use and storage of medicines at home;
- first aid
Pharmacy Store
The same as the pharmacy kiosk, the differences from which the regulatory documentation does not establish.
Online Pharmacy
Remote sales pharmacies (home delivery) are often referred to as online pharmacies. This is inaccurate: up to now, a noticeable part of remote pharmacies does not have their own website; customers place an order in them by phone. Many regular customers make an order by phone, even if the pharmacy has a website. Nevertheless, an effective Internet interface is very important for a remote pharmacy, as it facilitates the selection process and stimulates impulse demand. When ordering drugs remotely, you can also often consult a pharmacist.
Symbols
Hygea vessel - an international symbol of pharmacy
Green Cross with Hygea - Europe and India
Green Cross - Europe , UK and India
Red stylized letter A from it. Apotheke - Germany and Austria
Mortar - English speaking countries
Pharmacy Ball - United States of America until the 19th Century
- Netherlands
℞ (from lat. Recipe - take , U + 211E in Unicode ) - the symbol of the recipe
Gallery
Pharmacy (Submission 1508)
In Gangtok , India, this pharmacy has a counter open on the street for trade.
Modern pharmacy in an old building
Chain of drugstores in the USA
Pharmacy in Norway, which is part of the shopping center
Ethiopia pharmacy interior
A pharmacy ball used in the USA in the 17th-20th centuries for illiterate people as a pharmacy pointer.
See also
- Apofika
- Pharmacist
- Defect
- Pharmaceutical Weight
- Pharmacy Marketing
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Blinova K.F. et al. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Dictionary: Reference Guide / Ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher school, 1990. - S. 15. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
Literature
- The whole world is a pharmacy (outline for the reconstruction of the "pharmacy text" of Russian literature) // Russian literature and medicine: Body, prescriptions, social practice. Collection of articles / Comp. K. Bogdanov , Yu. Murashov, R. Nikolozi. - M .: New Publishing House, 2006. - S. 282-289. - 301 p.
- Pharmacy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.