Onin [1] [2] [3] ( 応 仁 о: нин ) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperor Go-Tsuchimikado [3] [1] , used from 1467 to 1469 [1] [4] .
Onin | |
---|---|
jap. 応 仁 | |
Serial number | 198 |
Ruling emperor | Go Tsuchimikado |
Duration | 1467-1469 years |
Previous era | Bunsyo |
Next era | Boommey |
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [4] [5] [1]
- 5th day of the 3rd moon of the 2nd year of Bunsyo (according to the Julian calendar - April 9, 1467);
- 28th day of the 4th moon of the 3rd year of Onin (according to the Julian calendar - June 8, 1469).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the ancient Chinese composition Wei Cheng Dian Xun ( Chinese ит 城 典 訓 , Pinyin : Wéi chéng diǎn xùn ): 「仁 之 感 物 、 物 之 応 猶 、 若 影 随 声 、 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 形 、 形 形 形 、 形 、 [4] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
In 1467, the Troubles of Onin began - the struggle of daimyo groups for power [6] . As an excuse, the debate about who will be the next shogun after the death of Asikagi Yoshimasa - his brother Yoshimi or son Yoshihisa was used. The fact is that in 1464 the ruling shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa adopted his younger brother (convincing him to leave the monastery) and declared him his heir [6] . However, in 1465, Yoshimasa's wife gave birth to a boy, whom the shogun also appointed successor. The brother began to seek support from the noble families. As a result, the Yaman clan stood up for the child (Yoshihisu), and Hosokawa - on the side of his brother (Yoshimi) [6] . The turmoil lasted 10 years and did not have a winner - the parties brought each other to complete exhaustion, and the capital of Kyoto was completely destroyed [6] .
- 1467 (1st moon of the 1st year of Onin) - a supporter of Ashikagi Yoshihisa Yamana Motitoyo and Hatakeyama Yoshinari took up positions near the residence of the Ashikaga clan in Kyoto and called the former emperors Go-Hanazono and Go-Tsuchimikado to make sure that Hosokawa Kaotsokawa Ka Hatakeyama Masanaga will be put to death. Ashikaga Yoshihisa tried to avoid escalating the conflict, but did not succeed, and ordered Yoshinari to kill Hatakeyama Masanaga . However, Masanaga managed to escape from the capital [7] ;
- 1467 (1st moon of the 1st year of Onin) - Naidaijin Sayensi-no Saneto was dismissed, Hino-no Katsumitsu was replaced in his place [7] ;
- 1467 (2nd moon of the 1st year of Onin) - Shiba-no Yoshikado became Canre ; at the same time, the influence of Hosokawa Katsumoto fell, who began to regret that he did not join Masanaga. Motitoyo and Yoshinari requested military assistance from their clans [7] ;
- 1467 (5th moon of Onin's 1st year) - Nijo Motimichi's campaign was dismissed, and Ichijo Kaneyoshi was replaced in his place [7] ;
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
1st year Onin ( Fire pig ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Julian calendar | February 5, 1467 | March, 6 | 5th of April | May 4th | 2 June | July 2 | July 31 | August 30th | September 29th | 28 of October | November 27 | 27th of December | |
2nd year Onin ( Earth Rat ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 10th moon (leap) * | 11th moon | 12th moon |
Julian calendar | January 25, 1468 | 24 February | March 24 | April 23 | 22nd of May | June 20 | July 20 | August 18 | September 17th | October 16th | 15th of November | December 14th | January 13, 1469 |
3rd year Onin ( Earthen Bull ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
Julian calendar | February 12, 1469 | March 14th | 12th of April | 12 May | June 10th | July 9th | 8 August | 6 September | October 6th | November 4th | December 4th | January 3, 1470 |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 748.
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 207.
- ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ)』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database on the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute website (Taiwan)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Daniel Eliseev . War of the Onin era (1467-1477) // History of Japan. Between China and the Pacific Ocean. - Publisher: Eurasia, 2009 - ISBN 978-5-8071-0303-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Titsing, 1834 , p. 354.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- Paradise Sanyo . Unofficial History of Japan = 日本 外史 / Per. with yap. V. M. Mendrina . - Vladivostok, 1910-1915.
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.
- (English) William Bramsen. Chronological tables // Japanese chronological tables, showing the date, according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, of the first day of each Japanese month: from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD): with an introductory essay On Japanese chronology and calendars . - 1910. - P. 50-131.