Kansho [1] [2] [3] or Kansei [1] ( 寛 正 正 kansho :, kansei ) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperors Go-Hanazono and Go-Tsuchimikado [3] [1] , used from 1461 to The year 1466 [1] [4] .
| Kansho | |
|---|---|
| jap. 寛 正 | |
| Serial number | 196 |
| Ruling emperor | Go Hanazono and Go Tsuchimikado |
| Duration | 1461-1466 years |
| Previous era | Tёroku |
| Next era | Bunsyo |
Content
- 1 Duration
- 2 Origin
- 3 Events
- 4 Comparison table
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [4] [5] [1]
- 21st day of the 12th moon of the 4th year of Tёroku (according to the Julian calendar - February 1, 1461);
- 28th day of the 2nd moon of the 7th year of Kansho (according to the Julian calendar - March 14, 1466).
Origin
The name Nengo was borrowed from the ancient Chinese composition “Kung Tzu Jiayu” ( Chinese trad. 孔子 家 語 , Pinyin : Kǒngzǐ Jiāyǔ , pall .: Family Traditions about Confucius ): 「外 寛 而 内 正」 [4] .
Events
Julian calendar dates
- 1459 - 1461 years (3rd year of Tёroku - 2nd year of Kansho) - Famine of the years of Tёroku and Kansho ( Japanese 長禄 ・ 寛 正 の 飢饉 Cho: roku kansyo: but kikin ) - the rural population of the Kyoto region and the vicinity of the lake suffered the most Biwa [6] . The starving people became indignant at greedy moneylenders and seniors and turned to the shogun as an arbiter [6] . He decided the case in favor of the peasants, but the problem of food shortages remained [6] ;
- 1460 (9th moon of the 1st year of Kansho) - Wakae Castle in Kawati Province was destroyed after Hatakeyama Yoshinari ( Jap. 畠 山 義 就 , 1437 - January 21, 1491) was forced to leave it [7] ;
- August 21, 1464 (19th day of the 7th moon of the 5th year of Kansho) - Emperor Go-Hanazono abdicated in favor of his son, who reigned under the name of Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado [8] .
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. In parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era, the name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese Gan-chi system is indicated . The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Kansho ( Metal Dragon ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 9th moon (leap) * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julian calendar | January 24, 1460 | February 23 | March 23 | The 21st of April | May 21st | June 19 | July 18th | August 17 | September 15th | October 15th | the 13th of November | December 13th | January 12, 1461 |
| 2nd year of Kansho ( Metal Snake ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | February 11, 1461 | March 12th | April 11th | May 10 | the 9th of June | July 8 | August 6th | September 5th | The 4th of October | the 3rd of November | December 2nd | January 1, 1462 | |
| 3rd year of Kansho ( Water Horse ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | January 31, 1462 | March 1 | March 31 | April 30 | May 29 | June 28 | July 27th | 25-th of August | September 24th | October 23 | November 22 | 21 December | |
| 4th year of Kansho ( Water Goat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 6th moon (leap) * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 20, 1463 | February 18 | 20th of March | April 19th | May 19 | June 17 | July 17th | August 15 | September 13th | October 13th | 11th of November | December 11th | January 9, 1464 |
| Kansho's 5th year ( Wooden Monkey ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Julian calendar | February 8, 1464 | March 8 | April 7th | May 7th | June 5th | 5'th of July | August 3rd | September 2 | October 1st | October 31 | 29th of November | December 29th | |
| Kansho's 6th year ( Wooden Rooster ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon | |
| Julian calendar | January 27, 1465 | February 26th | March 27th | 26 April | May 25th | June 24 | July 23 | August 22 | September 21st | The 20th of October | November 19th | December 18th | |
| 7th year of Kansho ( Fire Dog ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 2nd moon (leap) * | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon * | 12th moon |
| Julian calendar | January 17, 1466 | February, 15 | March 17 | April 15th | May 15 | June 13th | July 13 | 11th August | 10 September | October 10th | November 8th | December 8th | January 6, 1467 |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 747.
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 206.
- ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 3 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ)』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponica Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Daniel Eliseev . "Lower Above" // Japanese History. Between China and the Pacific Ocean. - Publisher: Eurasia, 2009 - ISBN 978-5-8071-0303-1 .
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 350.
- ↑ Titsing, 1834 , p. 351.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- History of Japan / Ed. A.E. Zhukova. - M .: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 1998. - T. 1. From ancient times until 1968 - 659 p. - ISBN 5-89282-107-2 .
- Paradise Sanyo . Unofficial History of Japan = 日本 外史 / Per. with yap. V. M. Mendrina . - Vladivostok, 1910-1915.
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.
- (English) William Bramsen. Chronological tables // Japanese chronological tables, showing the date, according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, of the first day of each Japanese month: from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD): with an introductory essay On Japanese chronology and calendars . - 1910. - P. 50-131.