Hostel

This poster, starting in 1915, contributed to the support of the Women's War Fund, which provided hostels and housing for working women in the United Kingdom during World War I

Historically, hostels are a kind of symbiosis of European apartments, Russian apartment buildings and American motels , which hundreds of years ago offered picky travelers an inexpensive place to spend the night.

The first hostel in the current sense of the word was founded at the beginning of the 20th century, in 1909, in Germany. One day, a school teacher named Richard Schirmann decided to take his students out of town on weekends. Schoolchildren were from poor families, it was not possible to spend the night somewhere for money. We spent the night in local schools - all the same, on weekends and on vacations they were empty. Gradually, the idea of ​​inexpensive accommodation for young people, which would work on an ongoing basis, was formed in Schiermann's head. The teacher arranged the first such hostel right at the school where he worked. In the evening, Schirmann, with several students, carried desks and chairs out of the classrooms, and laid bags of straw on the floor. Early in the morning, the guests helped the teacher take out these makeshift beds and put back desks and chairs back. Over time, the first hostel moved to Altena Castle. By the way, it still exists there.

In Russia

With the entry into force of the new GOST from 01.01.2015, the opening of apartment-type hostels is allowed if they meet the requirements ^[1] . According to current GOST, hostels located in apartments of apartment buildings (usually mini-hostels and small hostels) can have an entrance through a common entrance with neighbors. Moreover, in addition to GOST, they must comply with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, technical regulations, SanPinam and other normative acts specified in GOST.

On March 6, 2019, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted a bill banning the placement of hostels in residential premises ^[2] . According to deputies, such hostels infringe upon the interests of other residents of apartment buildings. According to new standards, hostels can only be opened in an apartment on the ground floor with a separate entrance, and the owners will have to transfer their own apartment to the category of non-residential premises ^[3] . Within a month, agreement was reached with the Federation Council, after which in April both houses of the Federal Assembly adopted a new version of the bill. On April 15, Federal Law No. 59-FZ "On Amendments to Article 17 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation" was signed by President Vladimir Putin ^[4] .

Capsule hostel is a type of accommodation for tourists, which differs from capsule hotels and hostels.

The idea of ​​a sleeping capsule is borrowed from capsule hotels, invented several decades ago in Japan.

A capsule is an isolated berth, in the form of a cylinder or parallelepiped, its size may vary depending on the manufacturer. As a rule, capsules are more than two meters long and more than a meter wide, which is enough to accommodate even a tall person. The input-output in the capsule can be from the end or from the side. The capsules are ventilated (they maintain the ambient temperature) and are usually soundproofed, although the level of soundproofing can be different.

Differences capsule hostel from:

• The usual hostel is sleeping capsules instead of beds. This creates an individual space inside the hostel’s common room.
• Capsule hotel - the presence of a common living room, kitchen with the ability to cook independently, additional services. In capsule hotels, only the capsule itself and shared bathrooms are at the disposal of the guest.

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