Language community , speech community [1] [2] ( English speech community ) - a set of people united by common social, economic, political and cultural ties and communicating with each other and with various kinds of social institutions using the same language or different languages common in this set [3] .
The World Declaration of Linguistic Rights ( Barcelona , June 8, 1996 ) defines the language community as “any human society that has historically formed in a certain territory (regardless of whether this space is recognized or not), which identifies itself with the people and developed a common language as a natural means of communication and cultural cohesion among its members. The term "language peculiar to the territory" refers to the language of the community, historically established in this territory. " [4]
Groups are considered to have their own territory and belong to the language community in the following cases:
- a) if they are separated from the main part of their community by political and administrative boundaries;
- b) if they have historically settled in a small area surrounded by members of another language community;
- c) if they settled on a square that they share with members of other linguistic communities with a similar historical past.
The boundaries of the distribution of languages often do not coincide with political boundaries.
In Belgium, the French-speaking, Flander-speaking and German-speaking communities elect their own councils, and the council of the Flemish-speaking language community is at the same time the parliament of Flanders and elects the government of this province, and the council of the French-speaking community elects the government of the entire French-speaking community (not only the French-speaking province of Wallonia , but also the francophone of Brussels ).
Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine are the largest linguistic community in Europe , whose language is not recognized as state or official in their country. In percentage terms, the largest such community in Europe is the Russian-speaking inhabitants of Latvia .
Main international documents on the rights of linguistic communities
- The World Declaration of Human Rights ( 1948 ), which, in its second article, decides that everyone has the right to all rights and freedoms regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property status origin or other status;
- Resolution 47/135 of December 18, 1992 of the General Assembly of the United Nations , which adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Peoples belonging to National, Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities;
- European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of November 4, 1950 (Article 14);
- Convention of the Council of Ministers of the Council of Europe of June 29, 1992 , which approved the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages;
- The Declaration on National Minorities, adopted at the summit of the Council of Europe on 9 October 1993 ;
- Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (November 1994 );
- The World Declaration on the Collective Rights of Peoples (Barcelona, May 1990 ), in which it was announced that all nations have the right to express and develop their culture, language and rules of coexistence and, therefore, to independently establish political, educational, communication and governmental structures in different political frameworks [4] .
- The World Declaration of Linguistic Rights focuses on the rights of linguistic communities that historically settled on their territory [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Zhukova, I.N. Glossary of intercultural communication. - Moskva: Flint, 2013. - 348 p. - ISBN 9785976510838 , 5976510833, 9785020374461, 5020374466.
- ↑ speech community - Russian translation - bab.la English-Russian dictionary (English) . bab.la. The appeal date is May 10, 2019.
- ↑ Definition of the Krugosvet encyclopedia http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/69/1006978/1006978a2.htm Archival copy dated January 26, 2007 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 3 Russian PEN center Russian PEN center.
See also
- Prestige (linguistics)