Kharkov Institute of National Economy

In 1920, the Kharkov Commercial Institute was deprived of its building, scientific library, laboratories and equipment and transformed into the Institute of National Economy. The law faculty of Kharkov University , also subjected to liquidation and transformed into the Institute of Public Education, was transferred to its structure. The academic self-government of the institute was liquidated. The management of the university was carried out by the appointed administration headed by the rector and political commissar.

The institute of higher education was headed by P.I. Fomin (1920–1923), Ya. A. Sokolin (1923–1926), L.I. Velichko (1927–1928), E. A. Kustolyan (1929-1930 yy.).

In 1921—1922 The institute was located in the premises of a former Jewish poorhouse on ul. Kulikovskaya, 3. Extremely difficult material conditions led to a temporary cessation of activity.

In 1923, the institute was transferred to the building of a commercial school on the street. Pushkin, 81, which created the conditions for the resumption of normal operation. Educational subdivisions were reconstructed - offices, departments, seminars. Revived scientific activity. In the first post-revolutionary years, 90% of the contingent of HINH pupils were KHI students with a fairly high level of training.

Despite the organizational separation of science and higher education in the Ukrainian SSR , KhINH, the efforts of prof. PI Fomin , retained opportunities for research work. The Institute closely cooperated with the research departments of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences - the Department of World Economy (Professor P.I. Fomin ) and the Department of International Law (Professor N.I. Palienko ). The institute operated the study of the study of the Donetsk basin.

In 1923, prof. P.I. Fomin replaced the functionary Sokolin at the post of rector.

During the decade, the level of training of students entering the institute has steadily declined. In connection with the policy of “proletarianization” of higher education, the proportion of under-trained students who are enrolled according to the orders of Soviet organizations has steadily increased. Membership in the party allowed to enjoy the benefits of tuition fees, get a prestigious job at the end of the institute. The politicization of the institute intensified. The students were covered by political campaigns, involved in the activities of party, Komsomol and trade union committees. The institute had a strong Trotskyist opposition. The contingent of students was systematically checked during party cleansing.

Most of the time, students took side earnings. In 1927, 61.2% of students who had the necessary “social origin” and partisanship received scholarships ^[1] . The number of “eternal students” who did not complete a course of study on time increased. The discipline of the educational process was low. Low salaries forced teachers to look for additional income and formally relate to classes, reducing the requirements for students. At the same time, HINH was the largest and most prestigious institution of higher education in Ukraine, which had the reputation of being a university preparing “red directors” ^[2] .

With the beginning of the industrialization policy, the negative processes at the institute became aggravated. Students and teachers felt disoriented. There were active discussions about the profile of training specialists at the institute.

The functionary L. I. Velichko, appointed in 1927 as the rector of the morally decayed ( alcoholism ), was not able to work out the concept of changes in the educational process and put it into practice. The leadership of the Glavprofobra Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR also did not have its own view on the role of the institute in changing conditions. Ukraine’s drug investigation turned out to be a “brake on the implementation of the institute’s reasonable proposals”.

In 1929–1930, the apprentice of prof. P.I. Fomina E.A. Kustolyan. Under his leadership, a number of changes were undertaken. The Faculty of Economics was eliminated, training at the industrial, commercial and financial-banking faculty began from the 1st course. In the curriculum of the industrial faculty, where they now trained in the profile of an engineer-economist, the share of special and technical disciplines increased. The curricula of the trade, financial and statistical faculties were processed to meet the requirements of the nationalized sectors of the national economy. The law faculty was “economized” - instead of training profiles for prosecutors and legal professions, the workers of the “state apparatus” and “economic construction” were trained. The educational process was organized.

In the course of the reform of higher education in the Ukrainian SSR, in 1930, HINH was reorganized. On the basis of his faculties branch institutes were created with a new (narrow) profile of training; including on the basis of the industrial faculty - Kharkov Engineering and Economics Institute . The reform of 1930 meant a reorientation towards a mass (medium or even mediocre) level of preparation that was characteristic of the Soviet model of higher education. The level of the university was decreasing. In contrast to HINH, new institutions had to train an executive with good applied training in a particular industry or field of activity ^[3]

Faculties

During the 1920s. The organizational structure of the institute, the number and composition of faculties have changed several times. At the beginning of the decade, the institute retained a scheme for organizing the educational process, adopted at the Kharkov Commercial Institute. Younger students received basic training at the Main Faculty, and then transferred to faculties with specialized training.

In 1923, acted:

• main,
• industrial,
• foreign and domestic trade,
• financial banking
• cooperative,
• legal

faculties.

By the middle of the decade, the co-operative faculty was closed and opened

• statistical,
• labor
• working

faculties. The labor faculty did not act long. By 1928, the industrial, commercial and financial-banking faculty were merged into the economics faculty. In 1929, the Faculty of Economics was eliminated, which meant strengthening the course for specialization of training.

The big role was assigned to desk classes; There were 4 cabinets in the structure of the institute (accounting, organization of commercial and industrial enterprises, labor, financial and economic). The rooms had special libraries and equipment, and laboratory classes and seminars were held with them. For training in foreign languages, special kuratorii worked. There were preparatory, transitional, working courses, which was caused by an increase in the number of poorly trained students of “proletarian origin” and frequent structural changes in the institute.

Curriculum

Curriculum HINH was developed under the guidance of prof. P.I. Fomin in 1921—1922 in accordance with the target setting "prepare industry organizers". In general, it was similar to the HKI curriculum . For political reasons, various “social and political” disciplines were introduced into the curriculum, such as: the history of class struggle, Leninism, imperialism and colonial politics, historical materialism, history of the trade union movement, history of socialism, etc.

So, a student who graduated from the industrial faculty in 1925, studied the following disciplines (breakdown into blocks is conditional) ^[4] :

To obtain a diploma it was necessary to complete practical classes in statistics, accounting and drawing, to have a certain work experience and to defend a thesis project.

In the late 1920s, in connection with the introduction of training in the profile of an engineer-economist, new special and technical disciplines were introduced into the curriculum: cold metal processing, power economy, technical rationing, industrial planning, etc.).

In 1929, 1330 students studied at the institute. Of these, 44% indicated "social origin" of the workers (as against 9.5% in 1923), 15.6% of the peasants.

35% were members of the CP (b) U , 27% were members of the Komsomol .

By nationality, 42.3% were Ukrainians, 25.9% Russians, 25.5% Jews, and 6.3% belonged to other ethnic groups.

The institute was characterized by the desire to combine scientific and educational activities.

Research Department

In 1920, a research department was established at the institute (led by prof. P. I. Fomin , secretary. N. I. Galitsky). In 1922, it consisted of 32 scientists - full members and research associates, united in research teams working in the thematic areas of "economics and statistics" (topics "World Economy", "National Economy of Ukraine during the war and revolution", "Economy agriculture "," theoretical statistics ")," accounting "(the topic" Problems of cashless circulation and material accounting in accounting "), as well as in the field of law.

Economic Seminar

To deepen the economic knowledge of students and to involve them in research work there was an Economic Seminar. Full members of the seminar could be both HINH students and students from other universities. At the seminar sessions, laboratory classes were held and open reports on socio-economic topics were heard. The seminar had a separate budget and was divided into sections of theoretical economics, world economy, economics of Ukraine and Russia.

The seminar was organized in 1922, then acted as part of the NIC of the world economy.

Research Chairs

Subsequently, after the organizational separation of science and education in the Ukrainian SSR, the Research Department of the World Economy of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (headed by Prof. P. I. Fomin ) and the Research Department of Problems of Modern Law of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (headed by Prof. N. I. Palienko ) without formally being included in the structure of the institute, they closely interacted with it. De facto being his scientific departments. To a lesser extent, HINH interacted with the NIK of Marxism and Marxist studies (led by prof. S. Yu. Semkovsky ).

The NIK of the world economy operated five sections (1925): theoretical economics, social statistics, private economics, world economics, economics of Ukraine and the USSR. Much attention was paid to theoretical problems of the functioning of the world economy and the study of the economic situation. The issues of state economic policy and economic planning, the activities of financial and industrial associations, the use of mathematical and statistical methods of macroeconomic analysis and forecasting were studied. The theoretical and practical economic experience of Germany was seriously studied, for the economics of which this economic school was oriented.

Study Cabinet of the Donetsk Basin

On the initiative of prof. PI Fomin was organized by the study of the study of the Donets Basin, which acted as a research institution.

Economic Research Commission of Ukrainian Industry

Closely associated with KhINH was the Commission for Economic Research of Ukrainian Industry at the Supreme Council of National Economy of the Ukrainian SSR (scientific leader P. I. Fomin ).

In the late 1920s. Institute scientists were actively involved in research projects carried out in the interests of organizations and departments of the Ukrainian SSR: “Industrial Map of Ukraine”, “Methods for determining the cost dynamics in the Donugol Trust”, “Methods for calculating the effectiveness of capital investments in the metallurgical industry”, “Procurement Regulation” and others

In 1929, 59 professors and 109 teachers conducted the teaching.

The basis of the faculty of the KhINH was the staff of the Cheka ( PI I. Fomin , N.I. Palienko , N.A. Maksimeiko , I.I. Popov, A.N. Serikov, etc.), Soviet party leaders turned to academic activities (IK Dashkovsky), a large and diverse group of involved specialists - scientists and practitioners. By the middle of the decade, young specialists graduated from HINH and other higher educational institutions (S. D. Ratner, N. G. Efimov, E. A. Kustolyan, E. G. Liberman , etc.) received teaching positions,

• Abramov, Vasily Leontievich - Soviet military leader, Major General ( 1943 ).
• Malik, Yakov Aleksandrovich - Soviet diplomat, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and at the same time in 1968-1976 the permanent representative of the USSR in the UN Security Council; 1930 Graduated from the Faculty of Law of KhINH.
• Aleksey Matveyevich Rumyantsev, economist and sociologist, vice president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, editor-in-chief of Kommunist magazine, chief editor of Problems of Peace and Socialism magazine, editor-in-chief of Pravda, editor of the Economic Encyclopedia Political Economy, director of the Institute of Specific Social Research (ICSI) of the USSR Academy of Sciences; He graduated from the Industrial Faculty of KhINH in 1926.
• Shelest, Peter Efimovich - Soviet party and state leader, member of the Politburo, Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine; He studied at the working, industrial faculties of HINH in 1929-1930.

Kharkiv National University of Economics

Kharkov Engineering and Economics Institute

Kharkov Commercial Institute

Kharkov Commercial School of Emperor Alexander III

• Lortykyan, E. L. Ukrainian economists of the first third of the 20th century: Essays on the history of economics and economic education.- X., 1995.

• Narisi from the History of Kharkiv National Economic University: Monographs / D. Yu. Mikhaylichenko, V.Є.маrmachenko, O.A. Sakhno, Pіd zag. ed. V.S. Ponomarenka.- Kh .: VD "INZHEK", 2005. - 326, CIV p. [four]

• Kharkiv National Economic University: Dosvіd Peretvoren, 2000–2010 Rocks: Monograph / Під заг. ed. V.S. Ponomarenko; Ponomarenko V.S., Kizim M.O., Mikhaylichenko D.Yu., Afanasyev M.V., Urmachenko V.Є., Zima O.G. - X .: Vidavnichy Dim "InZhEK", 2010. - 424 s . [five]

• Information on the site of Kharkiv National University of Economics (in Ukrainian, in Russian)