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Lviv Bus Plant

Lviv Bus Plant ( Ukrainian: Lviv Bus Plant , LAZ for short) is a Soviet and Ukrainian automobile manufacturing enterprise ( plant ).

Lviv Bus Plant
LAZ logo.png
Type ofclosed joint stock company
Year of foundation1945
Closing year
Location USSR → Ukraine , Lviv
st. Stryiska, 45
Key figuresIgor Churkin
Industryautomotive industry
Productsbuses , trolleybuses , trams , ambulances
AwardsOrder of the Red Banner of Labor
Site[1] [2]

In the 1980s, the plant became the largest bus manufacturing company in the world, employing about 8,000 people, producing 15,000 buses annually. In October 2014, the plant stopped production, equipment and facilities put up for auction [1] . In 2018, information on the resumption of production appeared on the plant's website. [1] [2] However, already at the beginning of 2019, a complete demolition of the factory buildings began, the territory is planned to be built up with an IT hub and residential buildings. [3]

History

1945-1991
Stamp of Ukraine dedicated to the Lviv bus LAZ-695. 2015 year

The decision to create a plant was made in April 1945 [4] [5] , when the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) U and the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR adopted a resolution "On the restoration and development of industry, transport and urban economy of the city of Lviv", which provided for the creation of a bus plant in the city [6] . The foundation day of the plant is May 21, 1945, when the construction of a car assembly plant began in Lviv. In 1947, the plant produced its first products [7] ; in 1948, the plant produced the first truck cranes [6] .

In 1949, the reorganization of the plant into an automobile factory began [7] . In 1951, the plant produced the first automobiles - 20 NAMI-750 electric vehicles for mail delivery [5] , but later on it produced car shops, truck cranes, car trailers [7] .

In 1951, the plant mastered the production of AK-32 truck crane [4] .

In 1955, the plant began designing the first model of the bus [4] and in 1956 the experimental workshop of the plant produced the first city bus LAZ-695 [6] , in 1957 it began mass production. In the following years, the plant was reconstructed and expanded [7] .

In 1958, the plant began production of the LAZ-695B suburban bus with the ZIL-158L engine (the production of which lasted until 1964), in 1959 - the LAZ-697 tourist bus (the production of which lasted until 1963) [8] , in 1963 - batch of trolley buses LAZ-695T.

In 1964, the design department of the Lviv Bus Plant, together with the experimental workshop, was separated from the enterprise and transformed into the State Central Design Bureau for medium-sized and large-capacity city buses . Also, in 1964, the plant began production of the LAZ-695E suburban bus with a ZIL-130 engine (the production of which lasted until 1970) [8] .

In 1965, the plant began production of intercity and tourist buses LAZ-699 A [9] .

In 1967, the plant produced 7600 buses [6] .

In December 1968, the plant manufactured a 50,000th bus [4] .

In 1970, the plant began production of the LAZ-695M bus (the production of which lasted until 1975) [8] .

January 22, 1971 for the improvement of production technology and the achievement of high technical and economic indicators [4], the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor [7] .

In 1973, the plant produced 10,000 buses [6] . In the same year, a demonstration model of the LAZ - Ukraine - 73 intercity bus was developed and released, however, mass production of this model was not started.

In 1974, the plant began production of the LAZ-698 bus [6] . On April 20, 1974, the 100,000th bus built off the main assembly line [4] .

By 1975, the plant exported buses to 16 countries. The development of the enterprise was facilitated by the exchange of experience that LAZ carried out with other enterprises of the automobile industry of the USSR, as well as with the bus companies Autosan (Poland), Praga (Czechoslovakia), Ikarus (Hungary) and Yugoslavia [10] . Also, in 1975, specifically for the automobile plant, a stationary installation was developed for the mechanized application of anti-corrosion mastic UNM-1 with a pneumatic sprayer. UNM-1 was installed in the assembly shop of LAZ and put into operation, providing a significant acceleration of the coloring of the bodies of buses produced [11] .

In 1978, the plant began production of the LAZ-4202 bus [12] .

In 1981, the plant mass-produced suburban buses LAZ-695N and LAZ-695R, tourist buses LAZ-697Р and LAZ-699Р, city buses LAZ-4202, as well as hydromechanical automobile transmissions for buses (which were delivered to the Likinsky Bus Plant in the RSFSR and the plant " Ikarus "in Hungary) and other spare parts for buses [7] . At the end of 1981, the 200,000th bus (the LAZ-695R became it) was produced at the plant [13] .

In 1982, the plant began mass production of a city bus LAZ-4302 with a diesel engine and a medium city bus LAZ-4202 with a new three-speed gearbox [14] .

In 1984, at the Avtoprom-84 exhibition, the plant presented the 35-seater LAZ-42021 bus and the LAZ-5255 intercity bus, and also reported on the work begun on the design of a new family of buses with the KamAZ-740.02 diesel engine, intended to be replaced in production LAZ-695N, LAZ-695R and LAZ-699R models [12] ( LAZ-4206 and LAZ-4207 ). In 1984-1985 The LAZ-695NG gas balloon bus was developed, the main fuel for which was methane. On July 19, 1985, the plant began mass production of the LAZ-695NG [15] .

In 1988, LAZ produced 14,646 buses - the maximum number in the entire history of the enterprise [5] .

In 1990, the plant produced 12,118, in 1991 - 11,793 buses [16] . In 1991, it was decided to reorient LAZ to the production of medium-sized intercity and local (rural) buses, as well as to expand the production cooperation of the car factory. In order to free up the production space of factory buildings for the expansion of the welding assembly and painting sections, it was decided to transfer the production of 35 items of parts for LAZ buses (color casting, rubber and fasteners, plastic parts, pneumatic and electronic equipment, driver's seats and other accessories ) to other specialized enterprises of the USSR. The production of the steering gear of the LAZ-4206 and LAZ-4207 buses and longitudinal steering rods was transferred to the Lviv Automobile and Tractor Parts Plant, the production of electronics was entrusted to the Lvovpribor software. The Kanash auto-aggregate plant already in 1991 successfully mastered the production of front axles for LAZ buses [17] .

LAZ has released a batch of specialized buses serving the Cosmonaut Training Center. Yu. A. Gagarin and the Baikonur Cosmodrome [18] since the 1960s. to 2013 [19] .

After 1991
 
View of the buildings of the LAZ plant in Lviv from the street. Striysky

In 1993, the leading axles for LAZ buses (previously manufactured in Hungary) began to produce the Ryazan plant of automobile units [20] .

In 1994, on the basis of the enterprise, an open joint-stock company “Lviv Bus Plant” was created, the majority stake of which belonged to the State Property Fund of Ukraine. In the same year, mass production of LAZ-52522 trolleybuses began.

In August 1997, the plant was included in the list of enterprises of strategic importance for the economy and security of Ukraine [21] .

In 1999, the plant produced 177 buses, but in 2000, production volumes increased [22] to 1,000 cars [23] .

In 2001, a state-owned controlling stake in LAZ was sold, the plant became a private enterprise with a collective form of ownership [24] . In January - October 2001, the plant produced 498 buses [25] . In early November 2001, the plant prepared a new model of the bus, the LAZ-6205 [26] , for production, but the plant was idle for the next five months, and bus production was resumed in March 2002 [27] .

In July 2002, the plant announced its intention to begin production of buses operating on compressed natural gas [28] . In addition, in 2002 , the large urban model LAZ-5252 was adapted to market requirements and the production of four new bus models (large urban LAZ-A291, as well as suburban and tourist Liner-9, −10, −12) began.

In total, in 2002, the plant produced 307 buses [29]

In August 2003, a one and a half-story tourist LAZ-5208 was launched - the first bus from the NeoLAZ family of models [30] .

In May 2004, the following two NeoLAZ models were introduced: CityLAZ-A183 low-floor city bus and LAZ-AH183 Airport low-level apron bus [31] .

In 2003, the plant produced 436 buses, in 2004 - 707 buses [32] . On December 23, 2004, the plant was excluded from the list of enterprises of strategic importance for the economy and security of Ukraine [33] .

In 2006, the production of ElectroLAZ-12 and ElectroLAZ-20 trolleybuses began. Also, in 2006 the plant lost its housing stock - LAZ hostels were sold together with residents (in the summer of 2013, in accordance with the decision of the Lviv court, residents began to be evicted from the hostels) [34] .

In 2007, the LAZ holding company was created, headed by the management company City Transport Group, the holding structure included the Lviv Bus Plant, the Dnieper Bus Plant and the Nikolaev Machine-Building Plant [35] . On February 21, 2007, the plant began producing a new model (CityLAZ-A292 articulated city bus, developed on the basis of the CityLAZ-A183 construction) [36] .

The global economic crisis that began in 2008 led to a complication of the economic situation in Ukraine . Since April 2008, the plant has not paid wages to workers for six months [37] [38] . Nevertheless, in the spring of 2008, the plant introduced a new bus model - InterLAZ 13.5LE [39] . After the manufacture of the 365 thousandth LAZ bus in 2008, it was included in the Guinness Book of Records as the enterprise that produced the largest number of buses in the world [5] .

On December 11, 2008, the plant was cut off electricity [40] , a downtime continued until February 2, 2009 [41] .

In autumn 2009, LAZ signed an export contract for the supply of 10 trolley buses to Bulgaria [42] .

On March 30, 2010, a memorandum of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Lviv Bus Plant on the manufacture of 1,500 buses and 500 trolleybuses for cities hosting the Euro 2012 football championship was signed in Lviv. Rolling stock was to be leased for 10 years. The first payment was 10% of the total contract amount. However, the contract was not fulfilled on time (so, Donetsk received on time only 9 of the 30 buses ordered [43] , Lviv - 33 of the 133 buses ordered [44] ).

Although in January 2011 the Lviv City Council demanded that the plant stop installing seats in the buses manufactured by China [45] , by early February 2011 LAZ vehicles only 15-30% consisted of parts made in Ukraine [46] . In particular, the engines of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant ( Russia ), Deutz ( Germany ) and the rear axles of Rába ( Hungary ) were installed on the buses.

In March 2011, LAZ manufactured the first 15 trolleybuses of the E301A1 model [47] (later the plant began to equip the manufactured trolleybuses with cameras) [48] .

In June 2011, LAZ entered into an agreement with Renault SA on the joint production of ambulances [49] based on the Renault Master 2 minibus (their production began in the fall of 2012 [50] [51] , before the end of 2012 100 cars were produced [52] ).

In October 2011, the plant introduced a new bus model - LAZ-A183NG [53] . At the end of October 2011, the total number of employees of the plant was over 1200 people [54] . In total, in 2011 the plant produced 97 buses [55] .

In May 2012, the plant introduced a new bus model - LAZ “Liner 141” [56] . In addition, in 2012, the plant developed on the basis of the tourist LAZ-5208 one and a half-story medical bus [57] .

In August 2012, the owners of the plant announced their intention to master the production of cash armored vehicles on an imported chassis (Mercedes Benz, Renault or Volkswagen) at LAZ [58] , but this project was not implemented [24] .

On February 12, 2013 LAZ stopped work and sent employees on unpaid leave (at that time 300 people worked at the enterprise) [59] . The plant’s administration said that the plant could not pay salary arrears to employees, electricity bills and heating due to non-payment of funds for already executed contracts for the supply of equipment by the municipal authorities of Ukraine [60] .

On February 28, 2013, 74 deputies of the Lviv City Council signed an appeal to the Government of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Prosecutor General of Ukraine demanding the nationalization of LAZ [61] in connection with the illegal nature of the privatization of the plant [24] .

On March 12, 2013, the owners of the plant announced the termination of the production of buses at LAZ (in connection with the decision to transfer it to Dneprodzerzhinsk) [62] . Following this, the owners of the plant reported on the bankruptcy proceedings of the enterprise and the conflict with the city authorities of Lviv, which did not pay the plant 25 million hryvnias for 30 buses delivered to the city [24] .

On April 1, 2013, LAZ signed an export contract for the supply of 8 trolleybuses to Bulgaria [63] , production at the plant was restored.

In June 2013, by a court decision, LAZ paid 25 million hryvnias to the Donetsk city administration for buses and trolleybuses, which it was obliged to deliver by Euro 2012, but did not manage to do this on schedule [64] .

On July 1, 2014 “In the workshops ... to varying degrees of readiness (from 30 to 90) there are accordions for Donetsk and laid down for Kiev, up to ten ready-made A191s, the bare body of the new A141. There are also 5 Neo bodies in Donetsk paint. ” [65] .

In September 2014, LAZ almost stopped production again, the question was raised about closing the plant due to the lack of demand for the plant's products on the domestic market of Ukraine, the lack of export orders and the presence of debt for already completed deliveries of public transport to the cities of Ukraine under the state order [66 ] . In October 2014, LAZ finally stopped production [67] .

On March 23, 2015 [68] the premises of the plant were in disrepair, from which the equipment was taken [69] , and then put up for auction [70] .

In the period from the beginning of January 2015 [71] until the end of December 2016, the plant did not produce a single unit of automotive equipment [72] .

In September 2018, the Lviv Bus Plant announced the resumption of work [1] [2] [73] . In the surviving workshops of LAZ, 8 buses were assembled: five LAZ A191F0 buses and three LAZ A183N1 buses . The company also updated its lineup, including medium-sized and large-capacity city buses, articulated buses ("accordions"), trolley buses and even an ambulance [1] [2] .

According to the official information of the head of the plant’s sales department, the restoration process began in the winter of 2018 [1] [2] :

 In February, the process of restoration of work began. It is neither fast nor cheap. Now in Lviv, a painting and collection workshop is operating. Did not restore the body shop. Partially Lviv residents work at the enterprise, but also workers from other cities 

However, later on the website appeared information about the sale of warehouse equipment residues.

In the spring of 2019, the demolition of buildings began on the territory of the former plant. The territory is planned to be built up with an IT technology park and residential complexes.

Manufactured products (non-exhaustive list)

 
ElectroLAZ-12 trolleybus in Ternopol , Ukraine
 
LAZ-695 bus, the oldest and most common LAZ model
 
AeroLAZ-12, serving airports (Lviv, 2008)
  • LAZ-699 T
  • LAZ-5207 (LAZ Liner 12)
  • LAZ-52072
  • LAZ-52075
  • LAZ-5208 (NeoLAZ 12)
  • LAZ-5252
  • LAZ-52522
  • LAZ-52528
  • LAZ-A07310
  • LAZ-A1414
  • LAZ-Ukraine series
  • LAZ- "Ukraine-71"
  • LAZ- "Ukraine-34"
  • NeoLAZ 10 (4208)
  • LinerLAZ 9 (A141)
  • CityLAZ 10 (A152)
  • InterLAZ 10LE (A152)
  • CityLAZ 10LE (A152)
  • CityLAZ-12
  • InterLAZ 12LE (A183)
  • AeroLAZ 12 (AX183)
  • CityLAZ 13.5 (A191)
  • CityLAZ 13.5LE (A191)
  • InterLAZ 13.5LE (A191)
  • AeroLAZ 13.5 (AX191)
  • LAZ-A291
  • CityLAZ-20
  • ElectroLAZ-12
  • ElectroLAZ-20

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Lviv Bus Plant resumed work after bankruptcy . Date of appeal September 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 4 In Ukraine, LAZ buses (neopr.) Began to produce again . Auto Mail.Ru. Date of appeal October 20, 2018.
  3. ↑ https://rg.ru/2019/04/11/laz-v-proshloe-legendarnyj-lvovskij-avtobusnyj-zavod-nachali-snosit.html
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brief biography of car factories. Years and Facts // Za Rulem magazine, No. 12, December 1974. p. 20
  5. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Герои промпроизводства. История самых крупных предприятий Львова // Forbes.UA от 5 июля 2013
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 И. С. Деркач. Львов: путеводитель. 2-е изд., доп. Львов, «Каменяр», 1974. стр.13-14
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Львовский автобусный завод имени 50-летия СССР // Украинская Советская Энциклопедия. том 6. Киев, «Украинская Советская энциклопедия», 1981. стр.187
  8. ↑ 1 2 3 Первые первых специализированных // журнал «Автомобильная промышленность», № 7, 1991. стр.34-36
  9. ↑ Годы и факты // «За рулём», № 11, ноябрь 1967. стр.19
  10. ↑ Г. И. Бандровский. Город шагает в будущее. Из опыта экономического и социального планирования. Львов, «Каменяр», 1975. стр.101
  11. ↑ Г. А. Сухарев, В. Л. Гоц, Р. А. Гаврилюк, Н. М. Дружкин, С. И. Магдыш, А. И. Величко. Механизация нанесения противошумной мастики БПМ-1 на кузова автобусов // журнал «Автомобильная промышленность», № 5, 1977. стр.30-31
  12. ↑ 1 2 канд. тех. н. Ю. К. Есеновский-Лашков, И. А. Коровкин. Новые автобусы // журнал «Автомобильная промышленность», № 12, 1984. стр.16-19
  13. ↑ Цифры, события, факты // журнал «Автомобильный транспорт», № 1, 1982. стр.39
  14. ↑ А. И. Титков. Автомобильная техника в XI пятилетке // журнал «Автомобильная промышленность», № 8, 1982. стр.1-5
  15. ↑ Серийные газобаллонные автобусы // журнал «Автомобильный транспорт», № 8, 1985. стр.32
  16. ↑ В. И. Пашков, С. Г. Сидоренко. Автомобильная промышленность за 1991 год и девять месяцев 1992 года // «Автомобильная промышленность», № 3, 1993. стр.1-6
  17. ↑ Р. С. Асатрян. Автобусо- и троллейбусостроение страны: состояние и перспективы // журнал «Автомобильная промышленность», № 7, 1991. стр.1-3
  18. ↑ Г. И. Бандровский. Город шагает в будущее. Из опыта экономического и социального планирования. Львов, «Каменяр», 1975. стр.8
  19. ↑ Журнал «Грузовик-пресс», № 9/2010, стр. 70-73
  20. ↑ В. П. Морозов. Автомобильная промышленность в современных условиях // «Автомобильная промышленность», № 7, 1993. стр.9-11
  21. ↑ Постанова Кабінету міністрів України № 911 від 21 серпня 1997 р. «Про затвердження переліку підприємств, які мають стратегічне значення для економіки і безпеки держави»
  22. ↑ Даёшь столичный автобус! // газета «Сегодня» № 192 (693) от 23 октября 2000
  23. ↑ Леонид Сапожников. Львовский автобус до Лондона довезёт // «За рулём», № 2, 2001. стр.70
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Чуркин: Банкротство затронуло только мелкие компании холдинга ЛАЗ // Ліга. Business. UA от 18 марта 2013
  25. ↑ В Украине наблюдается дефицит ЛАЗов // «AUTO-Consulting.UA» от 29 ноября 2001
  26. ↑ Жить стало… легче // газета «Сегодня» № 252 (1004) от 8 ноября 2001
  27. ↑ В 2002 году ЛАЗ произведет более 2100 автобусов // «AUTO-Consulting.UA» от 27 мая 2002
  28. ↑ Первая полоса // газета «Сегодня» № 163 (1211) от 25 июля 2002
  29. ↑ На ЛАЗе сократилось производство на 35 % // «AUTO-Consulting.UA» от 3 февраля 2003
  30. ↑ «Жизнь» украинскому автобусу // газета «Сегодня» № 191 (1536) от 27 августа 2003
  31. ↑ Рынок автобусов в Украине. Обзор новинок 2004 года // «AUTO-Consulting.UA» от 4 июня 2004
  32. ↑ В январе ЛАЗ сократил производство на 52 % до 25 автобусов // «AUTO-Consulting.UA» от 2 марта 2005
  33. ↑ Правительство Украины в два раза сократило перечень государственных стратегических предприятий // «Подробности. UA» от 5 января 2005
  34. ↑ Мешканців ЛАЗівських гуртожитків знову виселяють // ZAXID.NET от 8 июля 2013
  35. ↑ ЛАЗ не смог возобновить работу // «AUTO-Consulting.UA» от 26 января 2009
  36. ↑ «Львовский автозавод» начал производство сверхбольшого сочлененного автобуса с низким уровнем пола «СитиЛАЗ» А-292 // УНИАН от 21 февраля 2007
  37. ↑ Працівникам ЛАЗу півроку не виплачують зарплати // ZAXID.NET от 3 октября 2008
  38. ↑ Работники ЛАЗа — почти год без зарплаты // «Подробности. UA» от 27 апреля 2009
  39. ↑ Холдинг ЛАЗ представить на COMTRANS-2008 нову модель INTER LAZ // ZAXID.NET от 17 апреля 2008
  40. ↑ ЛАЗу відімкнули електрику через борги // ZAXID.NET от 15 декабря 2008
  41. ↑ ЛАЗ відновить свою роботу 2 лютого // ZAXID.NET от 29 января 2009
  42. ↑ Автобуси ЛАЗ придбає Болгарія // ZAXID.NET от 13 октября 2009
  43. ↑ Донецк подал в суд на Львов за евроавтобусы // «Сегодня. UA» от 20 июля 2012
  44. ↑ ЛАЗ виготовив до Євро-2012 транспорту на понад 1 млрд грн // ZAXID.NET от 30 января 2012
  45. ↑ Депутати просять відмовитися від китайських сидінь у автобусах ЛАЗу // ZAXID.NET от 27 января 2011
  46. ↑ Автобуси ЛАЗу мають лише до 30 % вітчизняних деталей, — експерт // ZAXID.NET от 7 февраля 2011
  47. ↑ ЛАЗ виготовив для Донецька нові моделі українських тролейбусів // ZAXID.NET от 31 марта 2011
  48. ↑ Владелец ЛАЗа Игорь Чуркин оборудует харьковский транспорт видеокамерами // новостной портал «ХайВей» (Харьков) от 24 июля 2011
  49. ↑ ЛАЗ і «Renault» виготовлятимуть «швидкі» до Євро-2012 // ZAXID.NET от 8 июня 2011
  50. ↑ Запоріжжя оновить парк «швидкої допомоги» 26 машинами ЛАЗу // ZAXID.NET от 23 октября 2012
  51. ↑ ЛАЗ відправив у Донецьк перші швидкі // ZAXID.NET от 18 декабря 2012
  52. ↑ ЛАЗ увеличит производство автомобилей скорой помощи в 10 раз // УКРИНФОРМ от 7 марта 2013
  53. ↑ ЛАЗ презентував нові розробки // ZAXID.NET от 15 октября 2011
  54. ↑ Президент пообіцяв збільшити держзамовлення для ЛАЗу // ZAXID.NET от 30 октября 2011
  55. ↑ Статистика — 2011 // официальный сайт ассоциации «Укравтопром»
  56. ↑ ЛАЗ повезе до Росії два нових автобуси (фото) Архивная копия от 12 ноября 2012 на Wayback Machine // «В голос» (Украина) от 29 мая 2012
  57. ↑ В Донецке появилось 10 новых «скорых» с современным оборудованием // «Сегодня. UA» от 7 июня 2012
  58. ↑ ЛАЗ випускатиме броньовані автомобілі для інкасаторів // ZAXID.NET от 8 августа 2012
  59. ↑ За долгом остановка // Газета «Коммерсантъ Украина» № 23 от 13 февраля 2013, стр. 5
  60. ↑ Завод ЛАЗ перестал работать, сотрудникам не отдают зарплаты // «Сегодня. UA» от 13 февраля 2013
  61. ↑ Львів вимагає забрати ЛАЗ у Чуркіна // ZAXID.NET от 28 февраля 2013
  62. ↑ ЛАЗ переносить виробництво автобусів для громадського транспорту зі Львова // ZAXID.NET от 12 марта 2013
  63. ↑ ЛАЗ поставить в Болгарію 8 тролейбусів на 16 млн грн // ZAXID.NET от 11 июня 2013
  64. ↑ Донецьк відсудив 25 мільйонів у ЛАЗу за тролейбуси до Євро-2012 // ZAXID.NET от 11 июня 2013
  65. ↑ ЛАЗ. Общая тема. Часть 2 — RC-Forum — форум коллекционеров масштабных моделей
  66. ↑ Львовский автобусный завод закрывают Архивная копия от 15 апреля 2015 на Wayback Machine // газета «XXI век» от 17 сентября 2014
  67. ↑ На аукціон виставили 33 арештовані тролейбуси ЛАЗу // ZAXID.NET от 14 апреля 2015
  68. ↑ На аукціон виставили будівлі Львівського автобусного заводу // ZAXID.NET от 23 марта 2015
  69. ↑ Львівський автобусний завод остаточно знищено. Фото // «Гал-Info.UA» от 6 апреля 2015
  70. ↑ Что осталось от завода ЛАЗ: полуразрушенные цеха и выбитые стекла (фото) // «Сегодня. UA» от 7 апреля 2015
  71. ↑ Statistics - 2015 // the official website of the Ukravtoprom association
  72. ↑ Statistics - 2016 // the official website of the Ukravtoprom association
  73. ↑ In Ukraine, LAZ buses began to be produced again - Mail Auto

Links

  • Site of Lviv Bus Plant
  • LAZ-695
  • LAZ-4202
  • LAZ-5252
  • Domestic bus - LAZ
  • And the plant lives (an interview with the director of LAZ Igor Emelyanovich Malets to the newspaper "2000") [ specify ]
  • Igor Churkin: Press Portrait (Yandex. News)
  • Photo gallery of LAZ buses on autosaur.in.ua
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Львовский_автобусный_завод&oldid=101803993


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