Milovanov, Victor Konstantinovich

Born February 4, 1904 in Moscow. Until 1920, he studied in high school. Since 1921 he worked as a farm worker, plumber, clerical worker ^[1] . In 1923 - 1928 he studied at the Moscow Zootechnical Institute. At the same time with studies, he worked without payment as a laboratory assistant at the Department of Meadow Studies, and later at the Department of Geobotany, AgroPedfak of the 2nd Moscow University ^[1] .

In 1924 he made a scientific report at a meeting of the Moscow Branch of the Russian Botanical Society. During 1925 - 1927 he conducted research work on the geo-botanical study of the floodplains of the Moscow river and compiled a map of the meadows of the Moskvoretskaya floodplain ^[1] . In 1927 - 1928 he worked as an assistant in the Department of Botany of the 2nd Moscow State University.

Artificial insemination of farm animals

In 1928 - 1929, he entered the post of a livestock specialist for artificial insemination of sheep at the state farm No. 1 of the All-Union Ovtsevod Trust in the Stavropol Territory with the goal of directly participating in the experiment on artificial insemination of 5271 sheep, which was held from July to December 1928 in a breeding farm near Prikumsk near the guidance of Professor I.I. Ivanov. Experience laid the foundations of the technique of artificial insemination of sheep ^[1] .

In 1929 - 1930, Milovanov worked as an assistant in the Department of Reproduction Biology at the State Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine in Kuzminki under the direction of I. I. Ivanov. During this period, the first glucose-phosphate diluents were developed, satisfactory results were obtained on artificial insemination of cows, and the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the seed of farm animals was studied ^[1] .

In 1930 - 1931 he was an inspector of the Skotovod Artificial Insemination Bureau in Moscow, where, under the direction of I. I. Ivanov, he organized the first experiments on artificial insemination of cows on a livestock of more than 20 thousand ^[1] . In 1931 - 1934 he was a senior researcher at the All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (VIZH). In February 1931, the Institute organized the LIO (laboratory for artificial insemination). In 1931 - 1934, the LIO team, led by Milovanov, developed the basic issues of the technique of artificial insemination of all types of animals. LIO proposals at the end of 1931 were approved by the Board of People's Commissars of the USSR, awarded prizes and accepted for implementation. Since 1932, artificial insemination has been widely introduced in sheep and cattle breeding. At this time, Milovanov publishes the first works on artificial insemination of cattle ^[2] . By 1933, a series of works on sperm diluents was carried out ^[3] . At that time, developments related to artificial insemination were developed at a rapid pace in the USSR. Milovanov publishes works in foreign languages ^[4] .

In 1935 - 1937 he headed the laboratory of artificial insemination in Askania Nova . at the All-Russian Research Institute of Acclimatization and Hybridization of Animals (now the Ukrainian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Steppe Regions “Askania Nova”). At this time, mainly the issues of storage and transportation of seed, feed and use in the production of remote hybridization are being developed. In 1936, he spoke at the All-Union Meeting of Livestock Leading Workers, which was attended by the leadership of the Party and the government. ^[1] .

In 1937 - 1940 he was a senior researcher, headed the department of biology of reproduction and artificial insemination of VIZH (All-Union Institute of Animal Husbandry). In 1937 he joined the group of sympathizers of the CPSU (b), subsequently, at the beginning of the Second World War he submitted an application for admission to the CPSU (b) . Milovanov continues to develop issues related to the effect on sperm in order to improve the effectiveness of its action, gelatinizes sperm ^[5] . By 1940, studies were conducted on the selectivity of fertilization ^[6] .

In 1941 - 1942 - was the deputy director of the institute for scientific work. During the war years he developed issues of livestock farming in wartime conditions. In 1942 - 1956 he headed the laboratory. Due to the evacuation of the Institute and the departure of party bureau members to the people's militia, admission to the CPSU (b) took place only in 1945 ^[1] .

Since 1946 - professor, doctor of biological sciences . In the postwar years, he returned to the issues of increasing the fecundity of animals, and began to develop technologies for storing seed at low temperatures, under conditions of deep freezing ^[1] . The issue of artificial insemination of farm animals was developed as applied to various species, which required the development of unique technologies that provide applicability to specific animal species. Techniques have been developed for sheep, cows and goats ^[7] . At this time, under his leadership, in collaboration with I.I.Sokolovskaya and I.V. Smirnov, in 1947, the discovery was made of the possibility of long-term storage of animal seeds in a deeply cooled state at a temperature of -20 ° C without loss of biological usefulness and hereditary properties. The discovery was entered in the All-Union Register under No. 103 and served as the theoretical basis for widespread use in animal husbandry of long-term storage of seed. He worked out the questions of rational types of feeding for breeding producers and brood stocks, made suggestions on the reorganization of artificial insemination in the USSR and the organization of state control stations.

In 1956 - 1957 he was again deputy director of the institute for scientific work. Since 1956 - full member of the Agricultural Academy. In 1957 - 1992, he was the head of the biology of reproduction and artificial insemination of farm animals VIZH, develops technologies for collecting and storing animals ejaculate, offers recipes for seed dilution media. In 1957, on the basis of the farm of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture “Bykovo” and the experimental station for artificial insemination of the VIZH, the Central Station for Artificial Insemination (CTCF) of farm animals was created in the village of Bykovo, Podolsky District, Moscow Region.

In 1961 he was elected a member of the Permanent International Committee for Animal Reproduction and Honorary Chairman of the 3rd Section of the V International Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination. In order to increase the effectiveness of artificial insemination technologies, Milovanov studies and applies the general issues of reproduction physiology. Work was done on the study of sexual reflexes, selectivity of fertilization, biophysics and biochemistry of germ cells ^{[8] [9]} . In 1966, a method for freezing the bull's seed in various forms was developed at the Center for the Strategic Research and Development.

He died on April 21, 1992 . He was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery .

• Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1980)
• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1951) - for the development of an improved method of artificial insemination of agricultural animals
• Order of Lenin (1936)
• four orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1945; 1949; 1951; 1974)
• Order of the October Revolution (1971)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984)
• Order of the Badge of Honor (1966)
• three medals
• VDNKh medals
• Gold Medal and Honorary Medal of the V and VI International Congresses on the Biology of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination of Animals

Milovanov’s specialization touched on issues related to theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of physiology. Being, of course, a great scientist in his field, he did not share the views of N.I. Vavilov on the role of genetics in theoretical and applied biological science. In 1937, Milovanov publicly advocated the liquidation of the departments of genetics in the USSR ^[10] .

• Artificial insemination of cattle / Co-author: N. Kuznetsova et al. - M.: Selkolkhozgiz, 1932. - 528 p.
• The results of three years of work on sperm diluents for agricultural animals, "Problems of livestock", 1933, No. 4
• Principles of artificial insemination / B. K. Milovanov / 1934. - 190 p.
• Artificial insemination of farm animals / B. K. Milovanov / 1938
• Artificial insemination of farm animals with gelled sperm / B. K. Milovanov / Selkhozgiz, 1938 - 37 p.
• Artificial insemination of agricultural animals, 5th ed. M., 1940
• Proof of the selectivity of fertilization in higher animals, "Yarovizatsiya", 1940, No. 5 (32)
• The problem of rational use of breeding producers in the light of the teachings of Acad. I. P. Pavlova, "Bulletin of Agricultural Science. Livestock", 1940, no. 5 (together with D.V. Smirnov-Ugryumov)
• Breeding and artificial insemination of farm animals / Soavt. I.I. Sokolovskaya. - M .: Selkhozgiz, 1943 .-- 176 p.
• The technique of artificial insemination of cows, sheep and goats / B. K. Milovanov / Selkhozgiz, 1943 - 16 p.
• Insemination of farm animals / B. K. Milovanov / Selkhozgiz, 1944 .-- 99 p.
• The influence of artificial insemination methods on the quality of offspring, in the book: Artificial insemination of farm animals ..., M., 1945
• Milovanov V.K.Largest livestock specialist (on the tenth anniversary of the death of Professor P.N. Kuleshov) // Bulletin of Animal Production, 1946, vol. five.
• Artificial insemination of farm animals / Victor Konstantinovich Milovanov, Dmitry Viktorovich Smirnov-Ugryumov / Selkhozgiz, 1948. - 109 p.
• On methods of preserving ruminant seeds, in the book: New in the biology of breeding farm animals, M., 1951
• About one physiological effect observed when mixing the seed of animals "Reports of the All-Union Order of Lenin of the VI Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences", 1957, No. 9.
• Reproduction biology and artificial insemination of animals: Biol.-zootechn. monograph - M .: Selkhozizdat, 1962 .-- 696 p.
• Fertilization, vitality and sex of farm animals, "Journal of General Biology", 1952, No. 2
• Technology of artificial insemination and biology of reproduction of farm animals / B. K. Milovanov / Kolos, 1972 .-- 320 p.
• Immunology of reproduction of animals / Soavt. I.I. Sokolovskaya. - M .: Kolos, 1981. - 264 p.
• Autobiography of Milovanov / V. K. Milovanov / Memorial Museum of Academician VASKHNIL V.K. Milovanov and Professor I.I. Sokolovskaya / 1983. - 3 p.
• Theory and practice of animal reproduction / Co-author: I.I. Sokolovskaya et al. - M .: Kolos, 1984. - 272 p.

• Korovko V. I. Modern technologies for obtaining and preserving calves = Scientific and practical recommendations for correspondence students of the specialty "Zootechny" and "Veterinary Medicine", students of continuing education courses for zoo engineers and veterinarians. - 2nd. - Ussuriysk: Primorsky State Agricultural Academy, 2009. - 114 p.
• Veterinary Encyclopedic Dictionary. - Soviet Encyclopedia, 1981. - ISBN 978-5-94865-089-8 .
• Artificial insemination of cows and heifers. Instruction .. - Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
• Proceedings of the Research Institute of Hybridization and Acclimatization of Animals Askania-Nova named after Acad. M.F. Ivanova, t. 1-3, M., 1935-49.