Suvardi Suryaningrat ( indon. Soewardi Soerjaningrat , indon. Suwardi Suryaningrat ), since 1922 Ki Hajar Devantoro ( indon. Ki Hadjar Dewantoro , indon. Ki Hajar Dewantoro ); May 2, 1889, Yogyakarta - April 26, 1959, ibid.) - Indonesian politician, fighter for the independence of the country, writer and teacher. National hero of Indonesia .
| Suvardi Suryanningrat, Ki Hajar Devantoro | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soewardi Soerjaningrat , Suwardi Suryaningrat Ki Hadjar Dewantoro , Ki Hajar Dewantoro | |||||||
 1949 photo | |||||||
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| Head of the government | Sukarno as president | ||||||
| The president | Sukarno | ||||||
| Predecessor | position established | ||||||
| Successor | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia | ||||||
| Birth | May 2, 1889 Yogyakarta , Dutch East Indies | ||||||
| Death | April 26, 1959 (69 years old) Yogyakarta , Indonesia | ||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||
| Awards | National Hero of Indonesia | ||||||
Born in a family of during the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia . He graduated from the Dutch-language school, then enrolled in a medical school for the indigenous population, but due to health problems could not finish it. Later he was engaged in journalism, collaborated with various publications and soon gained fame for his anti-colonial views; since 1908, collaborated with the then-nationalist organization , organizing the holding of its first congress in Yogyakarta.
He became one of the founders of the Indian Party, which existed in 1912-1913; in 1913 he published an anti-colonial article “If I am Dutch” (in which he criticized the gathering for the celebration of the independence of the Netherlands, established by the colonialists for the Indonesians), for which he was arrested and deported first to the island of Bank (at his own request), and then to the Netherlands. He lived in the metropolis until 1919, actively engaged in self-education and taking part in the work of the student Indian Association. In September 1919, having received permission to return to his homeland, he became the head of the National Indian Party, which advocated independence from the Netherlands, July 3, 1922 became the founder of the society, which founded schools for children, where teaching and education was conducted in an anti-Dutch spirit; then he adopted a new name to exclude his association with the Javanese aristocracy. In 1923 he was forced to leave the leadership of the National Party. Arrested several times by the Dutch; during the days of the Japanese occupation, for some time collaborated with the new authorities, becoming one of the leaders of the Puter organization.
In the independent Indonesia (in 1945) he was appointed Minister of Education and Culture. In the 1950s, he was actively engaged in social and cultural activities, in 1957 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Gaj Mada . In modern Indonesia, his birthday is celebrated as National Education Day, his portrait is depicted on several Indonesian banknotes , and several ships of the Indonesian Navy are named after him. November 29, 1959 he was posthumously awarded the title of National Hero of Indonesia .