Ratimov, Vasily Alexandrovich

Vasily Alexandrovich Ratimov was born in 1850 in the village of the Assumption Kuban region . At the end of the Stavropol classical gymnasium in 1871 ^[5] he entered the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, which he graduated with honors in 1876, receiving the title of a doctor. For the scientific work “Pathology of the pregnant uterus with typhoid”, according to the decision of the conference of the Medical and Surgical Academy, he was awarded a silver medal and left at the academy for 3 years to improve knowledge. In connection with the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war, he was seconded to the Caucasus , where for 2 years he worked in the Khasavyurt hospital. After the end of hostilities from November 1878 to May 1882, he was a resident in the hospital surgery clinic of the Academy, headed by Professor E.I. Bogdanovsky . In 1882, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Tumors of the upper jaw in clinical terms." After defending his dissertation, Ratimov was sent on a two-year scientific mission to Europe , where he studied bacteriology at the laboratory of Louis Pasteur in Paris , and had Russian at Tillo and Louis Farabeff in Berlin - practical anatomy and surgical surgery , he worked in the physiological laboratory of Hugo Kronecker in Bern ^{[1] [4] [6] [7] [8]} .

In 1884, Ratimov was enlisted as an assistant in the Department of Operative Surgery of the Military Medical Academy and began to conduct practical classes with students in operative surgery on corpses. In 1886-1898, he temporarily taught operational surgery, topographic anatomy , and surgical pathology. Since that time, he simultaneously was a senior surgeon and assistant chief physician of the Alexander City Hospital . In 1890, Ratimov was elected head of the department of hospital surgery and worked in this position until 1901. During his leadership of the department in the clinic, new dressing rooms and operating rooms were organized, laboratories were created, and the hospital bed was increased. Up to 650 operations in all surgical specialties were performed annually in the hospital surgery clinic. In parallel with 1896, Ratimov began to teach field surgery to seconded military doctors . Attendance at Ratimov's lectures has always been high. He paid great attention to outpatient work, often conducting classes with students there, in order to teach them to quickly navigate the diagnosis ^{[1] [6] [7] [9] [10] [11]} .

In 1901, due to a serious illness, Ratimov was forced to abandon teaching at the department and work in the Surgical Society. He died in Yevpatoriya on February 28 ( March 12 ), 1904 ^[4] .

As the head of the department of hospital surgery at the Military Medical Academy, V. A. Ratimov reorganized the department in accordance with the new requirements arising from the emergence of aseptic and antiseptic studies; surgical operations in the clinic began to be performed in the operating room under sterile conditions; He began to actively use abdominal surgery . Peru V.A. Ratimova owns 20 scientific works ^{[1] [4] [7] [9]} .

Infectious Diseases and Surgical Parasitology

In 1881, Ratimov published an article “On Human Anthrax,” which described the outbreak of this infectious disease among soldiers. In the article, the author convincingly proved that the cause of the anthrax was the issue to the soldiers of short fur coats made from infected sheepskin ^[4] .

V. A. Ratimov studied the etiology and clinical manifestations of liver echinococcosis , and also developed methods for the surgical treatment of this disease. The work of Ratimov “On the Origin of Multiple Echinococcosis of the Abdominal Cavity”, published in the journals “Doctor” and “ Surgical Bulletin ” in December 1894 ^{[4] [7], was} widely known.

Into Abdominal Surgery

Ratimov was one of the first in the Russian Empire to successfully resect the pylorus for gastric cancer , after which the patient lived without relapse for 12 years. He presented this clinical observation in his article “On the question of resection of the outlet part of the stomach in case of its cancerous disorder”, published in 1887 in the Weekly Clinical Newspaper ^{[4] [7] [12]} .

V. A. Ratimov promoted an early primary laparotomy in case of damage to internal organs and rejected the earlier opinion that the operation on the liver was inadvisable due to trauma, which was expressed in his speech at the meeting of the Surgical Society on November 22 ( December 4 ), 1893 after the report of G. F Zeydler "On traumatic injuries of the liver" ^[4] .

Into anesthesiology

In 1884, V. A. Ratimov published an article on the causes of accidental death after chloroform anesthesia in the journal Russian Medicine, in which he concludes that a lethal outcome may occur due to central nervous system irritation during the period of excitement. , and with deep anesthesia - due to its inhibition. Ratimov personally designed the apparatus for anesthesia ^[4] .

Oncology, maxillofacial and vascular surgery

The theme of Ratimov’s doctoral dissertation, successfully defended in 1882, was “Clinical Tumors of the Upper Jaw”. He developed an original approach to remove large tumors of the soft palate by temporarily cutting the lower jaw . Using this access, he removed large-sized soft palate lymphangioma , which was reported in the journal Annals of Russian Surgery (1900) ^{[4] [12]} .

The article “Case of a traumatic aneurysm that simulated an abscess”, published in the Weekly Clinical Newspaper in 1882, describes the clinical picture of the aneurysm of the popliteal artery that occurred after forcibly extending the knee joint during contracture . An aneurysm taken for an abscess was opened. Ratimov cites this observation in detail, paying attention to an incorrect diagnosis and incorrect surgical treatment ^[4] .

To Traumatology and Orthopedics

V. A. Ratimov paid considerable attention to issues of orthopedics . So, in a series of publications in the “Hospital Newspaper” (No. 7, 8, 12 for 1890), he described the treatment of chronic dislocations of the hip joint , examined the morphological changes occurring as a result of the dislocation, and also analyzed the difficulties of reduction. Ratimov came to the conclusion about the feasibility of resection to achieve a functional result and described in detail the surgical procedure ^{[4] [12]} .

In 1897, Ratimov proposed osteoplastic amputation of the lower leg with the formation of the dorsal flap of the foot, which refuted the prevailing opinion that the described dorsal flap does not have sufficient nutrition and is risky due to possible necrosis ^{[4] [13]} .

Major scientific papers

• About an overgrown urinary duct ( Military Medical Journal , 1880).
• About anthrax in humans (Weekly Clinical Newspaper, 1881, No. 18).
• A case of a traumatic aneurysm that simulated an abscess (Weekly Clinical Newspaper, 1882).
• Tumors of the upper jaw in a clinical sense (dissertation, St. Petersburg, 1882).
• Recherches sur les substances antiseptiques et des consequences, qui resultent pour la practique chirurgicale ("Arch. De physiol. Norm. Et pathol." 1884).
• About the causes of accidental death after chloroform anesthesia (Russian Medicine, 1884, No. 42, p. 852, No. 43, p. 877).
• Two cases of acute spontaneous bone marrow inflammation ("Protocols of the Society of Russian Doctors", 1886).
• To the question of resection of the outlet part of the stomach in case of cancer violation (Weekly Clinical Newspaper, 1887, No. 1, p. 10, No. 2, p. 25).
• Excision of the rectum using a temporary resection of the sacrum (Proceedings of the Russian Surgical Society Pirogov, 1893).
• To the question of the origin of multiple echinococcosis of the abdominal cavity ("Protocols and Proceedings of the Russian Surgical Society of Pirogov", St. Petersburg, 1895, p. 130) ^{[1] [6] [7] [12]} .

V. A. Ratimov created a large surgical scientific school . His students are many famous scientists, including P. F. Borovsky , R. R. Vreden , V. A. Oppel , L. M. Poussep, V. N. Shevkunenko , S. P. Vertogradov. Under the leadership of Ratimov, 18 doctoral dissertations were defended ^{[1] [4] [7] [10] [13]} .

From 1893 to 1901, V. A. Ratimov was chairman of the Society of Russian Doctors in memory of N. I. Pirogov in St. Petersburg. Together with A. A. Troyanov, he arranged the Anatomical and Surgical Museum and the building for the meeting of the society. Ratimov combined work at the department with activity in the journal Annals of Russian Surgery , published by N. A. Velyaminov . He was one of the founders of the Society for the Care of Poor Patients of the St. Petersburg Clinical Military Hospital and Clinics of the Imperial Military Medical Academy, organized in 1893 to help people in clinics and hospitals ^{[1] [4] [6] [13] [14 ] [15] [16] [17]} .

Professor V. A. Oppel in his speech delivered at a meeting of the Surgical Society on March 12 ( 25 ), 1904 regarding the death of Professor V. A. Ratimov, said ^[4] :

A serious, wide mind, modesty, love and dedication, honesty and kindness - these are the qualities that made him respect and love. Students loved him, loved the doctors who worked with him.

• Marienko F.S. Vasily Aleksandrovich Ratimov (On the 120th anniversary of his birth) (Russian) // Bulletin of Surgery. I.I. Grekov . - L .: Medicine , 1971. - T. 106 , No. 3 . - S. 131 . - ISSN 0042-4625 .
• Nushtaev I.A. Role of V.A. Ratimov in the development of surgery (Russian) // Surgery. Magazine them. N.I. Pirogova . - M .: Media Sphere, 2001. - No. 5 . - S. 64 . - ISSN 0023-1207 .
• Okolov V. L. Ratimov Vasily Alexandrovich (1850-1904) // History of Russian surgery in personalities (1722-1922). - Tyumen: Scorpio, 1995 .-- S. 159-160. - 224 p. - 3000 copies.
• Professors of the Military Medical (Medical Surgical) Academy (1798-1998) / Ed. Yu. L. Shevchenko . - SPb. : Nauka, 1998 .-- pp. 133-134. - 316 p. - ISBN 5-02-026061-4 .
• Ratimov Vasily Alexandrovich // Big Medical Encyclopedia: In 30 volumes / Ch. ed. B.V. Petrovsky . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1984. - T. 22. Solvents - Sakharov. - S. 16. - 544 p. - 150,800 copies.
• Ratimov Vasily Alexandrovich // Big Medical Encyclopedia: In 36 volumes / Editor-in-Chief A.N. Bakulev . - 2nd edition. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962. - T. 27. Prevention - Reverden. - S. 1094. - 1223 p. - 91,000 copies.
• Ratimov Vasily Alexandrovich // Big Medical Encyclopedia: In 35 volumes / Editor-in-chief N. A. Semashko . - 1st edition. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1934. - T. 28. Ptialin - Rikker law. - S. 355-356. - 848 s. - 20,700 copies.
• Ratimov, Vasily Alexandrovich // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
• Ratimov, Vasily Alexandrovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

• Bibliography of Ratimov V.A. (Neopr.) . The official website of the Russian State Library . Russian State Library (1999—2015). Date of treatment February 28, 2015.
• Ratimov Vasily Alexandrovich (neopr.) . Medical dictionary . VitaPortal (1999-2015). Date of treatment February 28, 2015.