Sigismund Aleksandrovich Mokrzhetsky (sometimes Mokrzhetsky) ( Polish. Zygmunt Atanazychashka , 1865 - 1936 ) - Russian and Polish entomologist , professor of entomology at the Tavrichesky University in Simferopol , head of the department of entomology and forest conservation of the Main School of Agriculture ( Szkołyyyskyy , Simferopol , Head of the Department of Entomology and Forest Protection of the Main School of Agriculture ( Szkołyyy ), Simferopol , Head of the Department of Entomology and Forest Protection of the Main School of Agriculture ( Szkołyyyyskyy , Simferopol , Head of the Department of Entomology and Forest Protection of the Main School of Agriculture ( Szkołyyy ) Professor of Agrarian University, Head of the Department of Entomology and Forest Protection. The organizer and director of the Simferopol Natural History Museum. State Counselor (1915). The organizer of the first Polish company for the study of insect pests of plants, the author of monographic studies of insect pests in agriculture, horticulture in Poland, the Russian Empire (mainly in the Crimea ) and Bulgaria, a pioneer of plant protection (including biological methods of protection). Chairman of the Polish Entomological Union .
Sigismund A. Mokrzhetsky | |
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polish Zygmunt atanazy mokrzecki | |
Date of Birth | May 2, 1865 |
Place of Birth | Dzitryki |
Date of death | March 3, 1936 (70 years) |
Place of death | Warsaw |
A country | Russian Empire , Poland |
Scientific field | entomology |
Place of work | |
Alma mater |
Biography
Born on May 2, 1865, on the estate of Dzitryki in the Belogrudskaya volost ( Poland ) in the family of the Polish gentry Alexander Mokrzhetsky and Camilla Mokrzhetskaya (before marriage - Mashevskaya). Sigismund Mokrzhetsky was the seventh child in the family. After the death of his mother at the age of about one year, he was given up for care by his grandparents at the estate Winkowce not far from Lida. Grandmother, engaged in the collection of medicinal plants and had a great influence on the development of interest in nature from her grandson. The first teacher of the boy was the manager of the estate. Then Mokrzhetsky studied at the county school in Lida (1874–1876) and at the gymnasium in Vilnius (1879–1884).
After graduating from high school in 1884, he enrolled at the Forestry Institute in St. Petersburg , which he graduated in 1889 with a second degree forester - a student of the entomologist and zoologist Nikolai Kholodkovsky .
In the years 1890-1892 Mokrzhetsky worked at the State Property Management Department in Kharkov as a forester assistant. He specialized in entomology and zoology at Kharkov University under the guidance of professors V. Reinhart and A. Brandt. From 1892 he worked as a forest taxator in the vicinity of Yekaterinoslav , and from the end of the same year - taxator of state forests in Simferopol . From the same year, Mokrzhetsky began to engage in scientific activity, published his first work on entomology, in which he discussed a topic quite popular in those years — natural enemies of pest insects.
In 1893, at the Taurida provincial zemstvo , the first in Russia post of provincial entomologist was organized, which, at the request of Kharkov University, was proposed to Sigismund Mokritsky. The next 28 years Mokrzhetsky lived and worked in the Crimea, doing scientific, popularizing and organizing activities in the field of plant protection and in the field of applied entomology. He worked in the years 1893 - 1917 as the Chief provincial entomologist of the Taurida province . Until 1897, he worked as an employee of the zemstvo, from 1897, performing all the same duties, received a salary from the Department of Agriculture, first as an inspector, then as a junior and as a senior entomology specialist ( 1901 - 1912 ).
In 1910 Mokrzhetsky was one of the organizers and became the first chairman of the Crimean Society of Naturalists and Nature Lovers . In the same year, he became the editor of the newspaper’s organ, the Bulletin. On his initiative, Entomological societies were founded in Kiev and Kherson . In 1913 he founded the Salgir Pomological Station . In 1917, he became the chairman of the Committee of Joint Scientific Institutions and Societies of the Taurida Governorate , which was also known as the Tauride Scientific Association . It consisted of about 50 scientific institutions. Mokrzhetsky led it until 1920 . In 1916, Mokrzhetsky became an associate professor at Tavrichesky University. From 1918 he was a professor of entomology at the agricultural faculty of the university. During his stay in the Crimea, Mokrzhetsky maintained relations with Polish science: with the Dzedušytsky Museum in Lviv, since 1894 he was a member of the Polish Society of Naturalists named after Copernicus and the Polish Regional History Society.
He married during this period, but divorced in 1919 . From this marriage, Mokrzhetsky left his son Victor , born in 1893 and daughter Maria , born in 1897 .
In 1920 , after the Red Army entered the Crimea, Mokrzhetsky left his territory in October of the same year. At that time, the railway was no longer in operation, so the scientist and his son reached Sevastopol , where the son, the midshipman of the Black Sea Fleet, took command of a small ship. Thus Mokrzhetsky was able to go to Constantinople , where he was delayed for a short time.
From March 1, 1921, Mokrzhetsky began working as the first Bulgarian state entomologist and plant protection inspector at the Ministry of Agriculture. Here he organizes the state plant protection service, engaged in research on the biology of pests of oil roses and pests in the warehouses of rice, tobacco, dried grapes, and other crops.
After working in Bulgaria for six months, Mokrzhetsky moved to Poland, where on January 1, 1922 he was appointed emergency professor, and from April 1 of the same year, ordinary professor and head of the department and the Institute of Entomology and Forest Protection at the Main School of Agriculture in Warsaw. Mokrzhetsky organized the Institute from scratch and led it until 1935 . Since 1923 Mokrzhetsky has served as the first chairman of the Polish Entomological Society ( Polskiego Towarzystwa Entomologicznego ), originally called the Polish Entomological Union ( Polski Związek Entomologiczny ). Supervised the Society until his death.
Mokrzhetsky died on March 3, 1936 in Warsaw . He was buried on March 5 at Powazk cemetery .
Scientific and organizational activities
During his life, Mokrzhetsky published over 200 papers and articles, including in such journals as: “Journal of Applied Entomology”, “Revue Russe d'Entomologie”, “Forest Journal”, “Notes of the Imperial Society of Agriculture of Southern Russia”, “ Trudy Russky Entomological Society "," Fruit Growing "," Industrial Gardening and Horticulture "," Zeitschrift fur wussenschaftliche Insektbiologie "," Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten "," Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Entomologie ". The Entomological Calendar for Gardeners for 13 years (1900–1913) for its authorship was reprinted four times in Simferopol. Much attention received his work on the internal therapy of plants, based on their foliar nutrition.
Selected Works
- Mokrzhetsky S., Bragina A. About laboratory breeding of egg-eating Trichogramma semblidis Aur. u Trichogramma fasciatum P. and temperature experiments on them. - Simferopol: Printing house of the Taurida Provincial Zemstvo, 1916. - 13 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Bean plants (their insects). Imprint: Complete Encyclopedia of Russian Agriculture in 10 tons. Ed. Prof. A.F. Rudzky. Edition AF, Devrien, St. Petersburg. - b. m. b. - Art. 448–459.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. In the interests of protecting the gardens from harmful insects and fungal diseases. Imprint. - b. m. b. - 23 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. А. Internal therapy and foliar nutrition of plants. Harmful insects. Advisory activity. S. A. Mokrzhetsky. - Simferopol: Printing house of the Taurida Provincial Zemstvo, 1905. - 47 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. А. The harmful animals and plants in the Tauride province, observed in 1893 - Simferopol, 1893. - 8 p.
- Mokrzhetsky, S. A. Harmful animals and plants in the Tauride province, according to observations made in 1898, indicating the control measures of S. A. Mokrzhetsky - Simferopol: Spiro Printing House, 1898. - VII, 36, V p.
- Mokrzhetsky, S. A. Harmful animals and plants in the Taurida province, according to observations made in 1900, indicating the control measures. - Simferopol: Spiro Printing House, 1901. - VIII. - 95 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. А. Internal therapy and foliar nutrition of plants. Harmful insects. Advisory activity. Report on the activities of the provincial entomologist Tauride Zemstvo in 1904 - Simferopol: Spiro Printing House, 1905. - 46 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Pear sawfly (Hoplocmpa brevis klug) S.A., Mokrzhetsky. Imprint: Bulletin of horticulture, fruit growing and gardening. No. 12, 1907. - b. m .: Tipo-lithograph "Gerold", 1907. - 6 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Demir Paz. Disease of tobacco in Crimea, S. A. Mokrzhetsky, Provincial entomologist. - Simferopol: Spiro Printing House, 1898. - 5 p., 1 p. tab.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Protection of valuable crops from frosts. - Simferopol: Spiro typography, b. - 7 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Zone and smut on bread and measures to combat these diseases. - Simferopol: Printing house of Taurida Provincial Zemstvo, 1904. - 9 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. On the issue of honey plants in the Tauride province. - Simferopol: Typography of the Tauride Provincial Zemstvo, b. - 12 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. To the question of the organization of the silk industry at the Tauride Gubern Zemsky Board in Simferopol. - Simferopol, b. - 13 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. How to deal with the zone. Entomologist of the Taurida Provincial Zemstvo S. A. Mokrzhetsky. - Simferopol: Spiro Printing House, 1897. - 9 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Forage herbs (their harmful insects). - b. m. b. - 6 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Bark beetle in the orchards of the Crimea and the fight against it. Reported S. A. Mokrzhetsky. - Simferopol: Printing house Sinani, 1903. - 4 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Blood aphid in Crimea S. Mokrzhetsky. - SPb .: Dobrodeeva Printing House, 1896. - 12 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Meadow moth. His life and the fight against him. 3rd ed. - SPb .: M. Merkushev Printing House, 1902. - 29 p. (Ministry of Agriculture and State Property, Department of Agriculture).
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Manual for the fight against the stem shovel, sawfly, grain worm and zone / Comp. S. A. Mokrzhetsky, entomologist of the Taurida Provincial Zemstvo. - Simferopol: Spiro steam printing house, 1896. - 7 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Some observations on the sexual development cycle of Schizoneura Lanigera Hausm. Imprint: Notes of the Novorossiysk Society of Naturalists . T. XXI. Issue 1. - Simferopol, 1895. - b. m. b. - 6 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. About the fight with mice. - b. m. b. - 8 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. About internal therapy and foliar nutrition of plants. From the report on the activities of the Provincial entomologist of the Tauride Zemstvo S. A. Mokrzhetsky in 1904 - Simferopol: Printing house of the Tauride Gubernia Zemstvo, 1904. - 23 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. On the Hessian fly and on measures to combat it. - Theodosia: Kosenko Printing House, 1908. - 4 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. About some animals found in well water in the Crimea. Imprint: Crimean messenger. № 318 - б .м., Б. - 11 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. About the new method of nutrition and treatment of trees S. A. Mokrzhetsky. - SPb .: Merkushev Printing House, b. - 5 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. About spraying fruit trees with arsenic preparations in general and arsenic lime in particular. - Simferopol: Printing house of the Tauride Provincial Zemstvo, 1910. - 5 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Experience of disinfection of a vine by means of hydrocyanic acid vapors (fumigation) // Zapiski Simferopol department of the Imperial Russian Society of Gardeners. December, 1909. - p. 523-527.
- Mokrzhetsky S. А. Parisian or Swissfour greens and some other anti-insect compositions. 4th revised and enlarged edition. - Kharkov: Petrova Publishing House, 1901. - 59 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. Salgirskaya Pomological Station. A brief sketch of its activities for the 1913-1915 organizational years. - Simferopol: Typography of the Taurida Provincial Zemstvo, 1916. - 40 p., 18 p. tab.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. The current state of the issue of combating pests and fungal diseases of fruit trees and grapevine in the Crimea, S. A. Mokrzhetsky. - b. m. b. - 36 s.
- Mokrzhetsky S. A. The success of agricultural entomology in Russia over the last quarter of a century. Imprint: Proceedings of the Natural History Museum of the Tauride Provincial Zemstvo. T. 1, 1912. - Simferopol: Typography Taurus. Lip Zemstvo, 1912. - 19 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Fauna of Crimea. Feature article. A reprint from the book "Crimea Guide". - Simferopol: Typography Taurus. Lip Zemstvo, 1914. - 33 p.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Phylloxera. Her life on new research, measures to combat it and methods of disinfecting planting material. - Simferopol: Publishing House of the Tavrichesko-Yekaterinoslav Committee of Viticulture and Winemaking, 1915. - 99 p., 4 p. tabl ,, 1 l. plan.
- Mokrzhetsky S.A. Apple Codling Moth (carrocapsa pomonella Linne). The natural history of the codling moth, its significance in fruit-growing and the measures to combat it. Composition from the book “The Codling Moth” by MV Sligerlanda ... with the addition regarding Russia. Simferopol: Sinani Printing House, 1902. - 92 p., 2 p. tab.
Literature
- Basaliy I.P. The first provincial entomologist // News of the Crimean Republican Museum of Local Lore. No. 6, 1994. - p. 27-36.
- Czyżewski JA Zygmunt Mokrzecki znakomity entomolog polski. - Polski Związek Entomologiczny. - Lwów, 1937. - 80 s. RGAE. F. 473. Op. 1.D. 1.L. 114
- Gordovska O. K. Naukova-organizatsіyna dіyalnіst vidatnogo entomologa S. O. Mokrzhetsky at the period of 1920—1936 p. // History of science and biography. Number 4, 2011.
- Leykina-Svirskaya V. R. The intelligentsia in Russia in the second half of the XIX century. - M .: Mysl, 1971.
- Savchuk V.S. Natural Science Societies of the South of the Russian Empire; second half of XIX - early XX century. - Dnepropetrovsk: DGU, 1994.
- Nepomnyaschy A. A., Sinichkin A. V. The Crimean Society of Naturalists and Nature Lovers and the Study of the Ethnography of the Crimea // Ethnicity in Culture and Culture: Matter i and dostend.- Odesa: ODU, 1998.- P.49-52.
- The list of printed works of Sigismund Aleksandrovich Mokretsky on applied entomology for the period from 1892 to 1902. Simferopol, 1902;
- Bragin A. A brief essay on the life and work of Sigismund Mokretsky. Rostov on Don, 1912;
- Shcherbakov F. S. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Mokretsky’s activities. Russian entomological review. V. 12, 1912, No. 3, p. 75-78;
- Janusz A. Czyżewski. O Zygmuncie Mokrzeckim, wspomnienie posmiertne. Warszawa, 1936.
- Łomnicki W. Spis publikacji ZA M-ego, “Pol. Pismo Entomologiczne ”T. 6: 1927 s. 11-30;
- Gieysztor M. Ksiega Pamiatkowa SGGW, W. 1936 (fot., Bibliogr.);
- The Entomologist, New York, 1933;