Kalavryta [3] [4] ( Greek Καλάβρυτα [2] ) is a small town in Greece . It is located at an altitude of 764 meters above sea level [1] on the slopes of the Aroania ridge in the mountainous part of Ahei . It is located in the northern part of the Peloponnese peninsula, 142 kilometers west of Athens and 41 kilometers southeast of Patras . The administrative center of the community of the same name (Dima) in the peripheral unit of Achaea in the periphery of Western Greece . The population of 1674 inhabitants according to the 2011 census [2] .
| Small town | |
| Kalavrita | |
|---|---|
| Greek Καλάβρυτα | |
 | |
| A country |  Greece |
| Status | Community Administrative Center |
| Periphery | Western greece |
| Peripheral unit | Achaea |
| Community | Kalavrita |
| History and Geography | |
| Square | 66,399 [1] km² |
| Center height | 764 [1] m |
| Timezone | and |
| Population | |
| Population | 1674 [2] people ( 2011 ) |
| Nationalities | Greeks |
| Denominations | Orthodox |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Postcode | |
Content
History
Kalavrita was built on the site of the ancient Arcadian settlement of Kinefa ( Κυναίθη ) [5] . It is believed that the city got its name during the Frankish rule of the XIII century, when the city was the residence of one of the 12 barons of the Achaean principality - Baron Oton de Tournai who built the castle on the ruins of the acropolis of ancient Kinefa. In the Morea Chronicle , according to French pronunciation, is referred to as Calovrate . In 1430, Kalavrita became the center of one of the three independent Byzantine despots, into which the Peloponnese was divided, led by Thomas Paleologus . Two years later, Konstantin Paleolog became the despot of Kalavrita, remaining them until 1443.
Kalavrita participated in the struggle for the independence of Greece in 1770 and in 1821 [6] . In the first case, the Metropolitan of Old Patras Parthenius called on the inhabitants of the region to revolt. And in 1821, the monastery of St. Lavra Kalavryta launched an uprising against the rulers of the Peloponnese, who were in this region. Since March 1821, regular uprisings against the Turks erupted in Kalavryta. For disobedience of the inhabitants of Kalavryta, the Turks twice burned the city, in 1826 and 1827. The American Protestant missionary, who visited the city in 1829, mentions the great destruction in the city, however, indicates that some structures have also been preserved in the city [7] .
In the administrative data of 1836, Kalavrita is mentioned under the name Kinefa.
Massacre of Kalavrit
Kalavrita was one of those places in Greece that were subjected to severe repression during the German occupation. On December 13, 1943, the German army shot and killed almost the entire male population of the city.
Different sources indicate conflicting data on the number of deaths, but most sources agree on the figure of 800 dead people.
Kalavrita today
Today, the city is considered one of the most important tourist centers in the Peloponnese . In winter, a large number of tourists come here to ride on the slopes of the local mountains. In the area of Kalavryte is one of the largest ski centers in Greece . Other tourist attractions include the Holy Lavra and Mega Spileo monasteries, as well as local natural monuments: Lake Cave near the village of Kastria and the gorge of the Vuraikos River, through which the famous toothed railway passes .
Cog Railway Diakopton - Kalavrita
A cog railway was built and opened in 1895 and was intended to connect the city of Diakopton on the coast of the Gulf of Corinth and Kalavrita. This road was one of the most difficult projects of its time because of the difficult terrain and the high altitude on which the road was laid. Now this railway is the highest in Greece. So that the train could move along the road with a large slope, a third gear rail was laid in sections with an inclination angle of more than 10%. Throughout the railway passes through many bridges, gorges and tunnels with a total length of 22 kilometers.
Calavryt Community
The community of Kalavrita includes six settlements and the monastery of St. Lavra . The population of 1829 residents according to the 2011 census [2] . An area of 66.399 square kilometers [1] .
| Locality | Population (2011) [2] , people |
|---|---|
| Avlon | 31 |
| Vrachnion | 13 |
| Kalavrita | 1674 |
| Krustiki | 54 |
| Monastery of St. Lavra | ten |
| Suvardon | 38 |
| Stasi-Kirpinis | 9 |
Population
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1991 | 1848 [8] |
| 2001 | 1679 [8] |
| 2011 | ↘ 1674 [2] |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Απογραφή πληθυσμού - κατοικιών της 18ης μαρτίου 2001 (μόνιμος πληθυσμός) (Greek) . - Πειραιάς: Εθνική στατιστική υπηρεσία της Ελλάδας , 2009. - Τ. I. - Σ. 356 . - ISSN 1106-5761 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Πίνακας αποτελεσμάτων Μόνιμου Πληθυσμού-Απογραφής 2011 (Greek) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (20 Μαρτίου 2014). Date of treatment October 22, 2017.
- ↑ Kalavrita // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / ed. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - S. 140-185.
- ↑ Greece: Reference card: Scale 1: 1,000,000 / hl ed. Y. A. Topchiyan ; Ed .: G. A. Skachkova , N. N. Ryumin . - M .: Roskartografiya, Omsk Cartographic Factory , 2001. - (The countries of the world "Europe"). - 2000 copies.
- ↑ Arcadia // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 125-126.
- ↑ Σάθας Κωνσταντίνος, Τουρκοκρατουμένη Ελλάς. Iστορικόν δοκίμιον περί των προς αποτίναξιν του Οθωμανικού ζυγού επαναστάσεων του Ελληνικού Έθνους, 1453—18, 2169, 2169 . 492, 493
- ↑ Anderson Rufus, Observations upon the Peloponnesus and Greek islands, made in 1829 , Crocker and Brewster, Boston, USA, 1830, σελ. 91 : “Here [Calabryta] the standard of liberty was first raised by Germanos, bishop of Patras, followed by the destruction of the Turkish houses and the two mosques. Afterwards a part of the Greek houses and their two churches were destroyed, but enough remains to show that the place was tolerably well built. ”
- ↑ 1 2 Μόνιμος και Πραγματικός Πληθυσμός της Ελλάδος. Σύνολο Ελλάδος, νομοί, δήμοι / κοινότητες, δημοτικα / κοινοτικά διαμερίσμα και οικισμοί. Απογραφές πληθυσμού 2001 και 1991 (Greek) (unavailable link) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή . Date of treatment June 22, 2017. Archived July 16, 2006.