Peredelkino

Historical Territory

At the beginning of the XVII century, the territory of modern Peredelkina consisted of two villages - Izmalkov and Lukin, united under the control of the Leontief family. The first mention of the land dates back to 1646, when a wooden church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was built near the village of Peredeltsy belonging to Izmalkov. In 1729, the plot was acquired by Prince Mikhail Dolgorukov , who later transferred the ownership of his daughter Agrafene. Under her leadership, Izmalkovo was sold to the Petrovo-Solovovo family, thus dividing the territory into two parts. Lukino in 1791 passed to Varvara Razumovskaya , on the initiative of which in 1819 a stone church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was built on the estate. The structure of the temple included a stone bell tower and three chapels : a cold one dedicated to the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, as well as two warm ones, erected in the name of the Great Martyr Barbara and the Apostles Peter and Paul . In 1853, the historian Mikhail Bode-Kolychev , whose family lived on the estate before the revolution of 1917, became the owner of Lukin. Subsequently, Baroness Bode was exiled to Kazakhstan , and the estate was expropriated ^{[2] [3]} .

Modern Peredelkino arose at the end of the 19th century, when a branch of the Bryansk railway was built near Lukin and Izmalkov, and the 16th Verst station was also equipped. Near the station, the cottage village of Peredelkino was built.

There are two main versions of the origin of the name. According to the first, the word comes from the verb “redo”, since in the XVII century a ship repair shipyard was located on the Setun river. Over time, Setun crushed and the shipyard ceased to exist. Another version involves borrowing the name from the village Peredeltsy ^[2] .

At the beginning of the XX century, the place was known for clean air, in the village people suffering from pulmonary diseases stopped for treatment. Until 1917, on the territory of Peredelkino, there was a state tuberculosis dispensary, which, without repair, gradually collapsed during the Soviet era ^[2] .

Writer Town

In 1933, the construction of a writer's town began on the estate's territory, approved by the Decree of the Council of People 's Commissars "On the Construction of the Town of Writers" dated July 19, 1933. The town became part of the Literary Fund of the USSR formed in 1934. It is believed that the initiator of the creation of a resting place for writers was Maxim Gorky , who told Joseph Stalin about the European suburban residences of cultural figures ^{[2] [4]} .

The original plan included the construction of 90 houses with all amenities, including water supply, heating, sewer and access roads. The project was valued at 6 million rubles, which significantly exceeded the limit allotted by the government for construction. As a result, it was decided to reduce the number of buildings to thirty, about 750 thousand rubles were allocated for their construction, and Colonel General Alexander Shcherbakov was appointed curator of the work. The houses were built according to the project of the German architect Ernst May , who was engaged in typical residential development in Kemerovo , Nizhny Tagil , Novokuznetsk , Orsk , Kharkov and the cities of the Urals . The construction of Peredelkin passed according to the plans of the Standardproject published by May in 1933 ^[5] .

The first houses were ready by 1935 and were provided to writers under a lease agreement with the Literary Fund. The agreement was concluded for life, however, relatives did not have the right to further stay in buildings in the event of the death of a cultural worker for whom an agreement was concluded ^{[6] [7] [8]} .

Initially, writers lived in houses only in the summer months, since buildings built on swampy soil were often flooded, and windows and walls were not insulated. As a result, many writers had to repair buildings at their own expense. The first inhabitants of the writing village were Korney Chukovsky , Alexander Serafimovich , Leonid Leonov , Lev Kamenev , Isaac Babel , Ilya Erenburg , Boris Pilnyak , Vsevolod Ivanov , Lev Kassil , Boris Pasternak , Konstantin Fedin , Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov ^{[9] [10]} .

After World War II, at the initiative of the Literary Fund, about twenty new houses were built in Peredelkino, where Veniamin Kaverin , Nikolai Zabolotsky (did not have his dacha, and lived on a rented apartment), Valentin Kataev , Alexander Fadeev , Konstantin Simonov , later Victor Bokov, Evgeny Evtushenko , Andrei Voznesensky, Bulat Okudzhava, Bella Akhmadulina, Alexander Mezhirov , Rimma Kazakova and other Soviet writers. Writers , poets, critics, playwrights and translators lived and worked at the Peredelkino Writers' Creative House at different times, among them Vladlen Bakhnov , Naum Grebnev , Daniil Danin , Levon Mkrtchyan , Rimma Kazakova, Emil Kardin , Inna Lisnyanskaya , Alexander Segen , Arseniy Tarkovsky ^[9] .

Famous residents

Modernity

In the mid-1980s, the Novo-Peredelkino microdistrict was built near the village, and in 1988 the Moscow Regional Executive Committee assigned Peredelkino the status of a historical and cultural reserve. In the same year, the dachas of Korney Chukovsky and Boris Pasternak acquired the official status of museums. In 1997, the memorial museum was also founded in the house of Bulat Okudzhava ^[11] .

After the collapse of the USSR, legal disputes began to arise around the writers' village about the possible privatization of state property ^{[12] [13] [14]} . In 2016, the Moscow Arbitration Court decided to seize Peredelkin’s property from the All-Russian Literary Society (OLO) and transfer the house to the state. The court ruling noted that the community, organized in 1992, cannot be considered the successor to the Union of Writers of the USSR . For this reason, the court recognized that the OLO leadership illegally disposed of the property of the union, including leasing and selling buildings. According to the chairman of the presidium of the OLO, Ivan Pereverzin , the opening of the lawsuit was connected with the need to clear the territory for the construction of a new cottage village ^{[15] [16] [17]} :

Subsequently, the Federal Property Management Agency also filed a lawsuit against individuals owning houses in the neighboring village of Ababurovo . According to the plaintiffs, part of the village was illegally built up on the former lands of the Literary Fund ^[18] .

The first mention of the cemetery dates back to the 17th century. Since the 1960s, it became known as the “writer”, and famous inhabitants of the literary village: Boris Pasternak, Korney Chukovsky, Arseniy Tarkovsky, Robert Rozhdestvensky and others were buried on its territory ^[24] .

In 2008, Patriarch Alexy II proposed the construction of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in the cemetery. In 2010, Patriarch Kirill performed the rite of consecrating the foundation stone for the foundation of the future Cathedral Church in honor of Prince Igor Chernigov . Construction was completed in 2012 ^[25] .

• 1949 - “Autumn” (“I gave home to leave home ...”), a poem by Boris Pasternak.
• 1965 - “The Holy Well”, a novel by Valentin Kataev.
• 1973 - "Country novel", a poem by Bella Akhmadulina.
• 2003 - “The Kid in Milk”, a novel by Yuri Polyakov.

• Writers Cottages
• Moscow writer
• Soviet writer

• Vasilyeva K., Lobov L. Peredelkino, the legend of the writing town. - M .: Boslen, 2011 .-- 580 p. - ISBN 978-5-91187-139-0 .
• Palaces and estates. House-Museum of Boris Pasternak. - M .: De Agostin, 2012 .-- 32 p.
• Palaces and estates. The house-museum of K.I. Chukovsky. - M .: De Agostin, 2012 .-- 32 p.
• Nilin A. Station Peredelkino. Over the fences. - M. , 2015 .-- 560 s. - ISBN 978-5-17-087072-1 .