HMS Exmouth (H02) ( His Majesty’s Exmouth Ship ) is a British E type destroyer leader . Named after Edward Pellyu, 1st Viscount Exmouth . Built for the Royal Navy in 1934 . The destroyer was attached to the Mediterranean fleet in 1935-36 during the Abyssinian crisis . German submarine U-22 sunk on January 21, 1940 north of Scotland, while escorting a merchant ship.
| Exmouth | |
|---|---|
 HMS Exmouth leaves the port of Bilbao, Basque Country, 1936 | |
| Service | |
 Great Britain | |
| Ship class and type | Type E destroyer leader |
| Organization | Royal Navy |
| Manufacturer | Portsmouth breech |
| Construction started | May 16, 1933 |
| Launched | February 7, 1934 |
| Commissioned | October 3, 1934 |
| Status | Submarine U-22 submerged on January 21, 1940 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | standard: 1505 dl. t (design) 1495 dl. t (actually) 2144 dl. t full |
| Length | 104.5 m |
| Width | 10.3 m |
| Draft | 3.8 m |
| Engines | three Admiralty boilers , two Parsons gear turbines |
| Power | 38,000 liters with. (28.3 MW ) |
| Mover | 2 screws |
| Travel speed | 36 knots (67 km / h ) project 35.5 knots on trial [1] |
| Navigation range | 6,350 miles at 15 knots |
| Crew | 175 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 5 × 1 - 120 mm |
| Flak | 2 × 4 - 12.7-mm machine gun 4 × 1 - 7.7-mm machine gun "Lewis" 1 × 1 - 7.7-mm machine gun "Vickers" |
| Anti-submarine weapons | "Asdik", 20 depth charges , two bomb bombers, a bomb raid |
| Mine-torpedo armament | 2 × 4 - 533 mm TA [2] |
Content
Construction
The leader of the 1931 program was the improved Cordington , with an increased fuel supply and a speed of more than half a knot and an extended forecastle. During the preparation of working drawings in the project leader were made the same changes as the draft destroyer. The 76-mm anti-aircraft gun disappeared from the specification, and the Mk.XIV main-caliber installations with an elevation angle of 30 ° were replaced by the Mk.XVII, providing an elevation of 40 °. Trawling equipment was excluded from the weapons already during construction [1] . The travel speed should be ½ knot more than that of Type E destroyers [3] .
Architectural appearance
The third 120-mm gun, located behind the nose superstructure, as on the Spanish destroyers and Soviet leaders such as "Leningrad" [4] .
Power Plant
Main power plant
Three Admiralty boiler. Three turbines (high and low pressure turbines, a cruising turbine) and a gearbox constituted a turbo-gear unit. The location of the power plant is linear. The boilers were placed in isolated compartments, the turbines - in the general engine room , while being separated from the turbines by a watertight bulkhead.
Design weight of the power plant: 550 dl. tons [5] .
The operating steam pressure is 21 kgf / cm² (20.3 atm. ), The temperature is 327 ° C [1] .
Cruising range and speed
The design capacity was 38,000 liters. with. that was supposed to provide a travel speed (at full load) at 32 [5] [3] (31.5 [1] ) knots . The maximum design speed of 36 knots [5] [1] [3] (36.75) [2] [4] .
On tests in September 1934, the leader was unable to develop the contract speed, although the power to 490 l. with. exceeded the stated in the specification [1] .
The stock of fuel was stored in fuel tanks that could hold 471 dl. t (480 t [6] ), 480 dl. t [3] (490 t [1] ) of mazut, which ensured a cruising range of 6350 miles with a 15-node course [2] [4] or 1500 miles at full speed [1] .
Armament
Five 120 mm Mark IX guns with a 45 caliber barrel on CP XVII rigs were installed on the leader. The maximum elevation angle is 40 °, a decrease of 10 °. The mass of the projectile 22.7 kg, the initial speed of 807 m / s . The guns had a rate of 10 - 12 rounds per minute. The artillery control system consisted of a three - meter range finder MS.20 and an SDPW, the Mk.I “director for destroyers” (DCT) [1] .
Anti-aircraft weapons
Anti-aircraft armament consisted of a pair of quad 12.7-mm machine gun , Vickers .50 [1] .
Torpedo Weapons
Torpedo armament included two 533-mm four-tube torpedo tubes QRMk.VI [1] .
Anti-submarine weapons
Anti-submarine armament consisted of a sonar, bomb spreader, two bomb bombs, twenty depth bombs [1] .
Service
The ship was built on the breech shipyard in Portsmouth. The preparatory work at the shipyard began on November 1, 1932, after exactly a year and three months the hull went down to the water. Although during the construction it became clear that the weight of the hull was 10 tons higher, the car turned out to be 26 tons lighter, which led to a decrease in the standard displacement from 1,515 tons to 1,495 tons [1] . It was commissioned on November 9, 1934. Exmut was appointed leader of the 5th Fleet Metropolitan Fleet Flotilla. During the Spanish Civil War, he patrolled off the Spanish coast, as part of the Committee on Non-intervention . From August 2, 1939, the leader of the 12th mine-carrying flotilla. Because of the early death has not been upgraded. January 21, 1940 sunk by the German submarine "U 22". Saved was not. The ship was lost while escorting a merchant ship north of Scotland in the Terbet Nes, Moray Firth area at coordinates [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Granovsky, 1997 , p. 15.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Conway's, 1922–1946. - P. 39.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 to Ivanhoe, 1993 , p. 61.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Rubanov, 2004 , p. 35
- ↑ 1 2 3 From Earliest Days, 2009 , p. 501.
- ↑ Rubanov, 2004 , p. 20.
References and sources
- O. A. Rubanov. The destroyers of England in the second world war. - SPb. 2004. - 72 p. - (WORLD WARSHIPS).
- Granovsky E., Dashyan A., Morozov M. British destroyers in battle. Part 2 / ed. M.E. Morozov. - M .: CheRo, 1997. - 48 with ill. with. - (Retrospective of the war at sea). - 1000 copies - ISBN 5-88711-052-X .
- Dashyan A.V. Ships of the Second World War. British Navy. Part 2. - M .: Model-Designer, 2003. - (Maritime Collection No. 5).
- Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1922–1946 / Gray, Randal (ed.). - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980. - 456 p. - ISBN 0-85177-1467 .
- English, John. Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s. - Kendal: World Ship Society, 1993. - 144 p. - ISBN 0-905617-64-9 .
- Norman Friedman. The World War II. - Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2009. - ISBN 978-1-59114-081-8 .