Girl power

The phrase girl power ( Rus. Girlish power ) is a reflection of the cultural phenomenon of the 1990s and early 2000s. She is also associated with the third wave of feminism . The phrase made Spice Girls popular in the mid to late 1990s.

Content

Early use

One of the earliest references to the phrase girl power occurs in 1987 with a London-based girl group called Mint Juleps in the song Girl to the Power of 6. Subsequently, the phrase was used in fanzine by punk band Bikini Kill . Sometimes a phrase is written as grrrl power, which associates it with the movement Riot Grrrl ^[1] ^[2] .

Later, in the early 1990s, the phrase girl power was used by many groups, including the Vali indie band ^[3] , as well as the pop-punk duo Shampoo ^[4] , who released the album and single Girl Power in 1995.

Spice Girls and the Scientific Approach

In the end, the phrase came into use in the mid-1990s thanks to the pop quintet Spice Girls ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] .

Professor Susan Hopkins in her 2002 article, discusses the correlation between girl power, Spice Girls and female action heroes at the end of the 20th century ^[8] .

Other scientists also looked at the phrase girl power in a scientific context: for example, in the so-called ^[9] . Media researcher Kathleen Rowe Karlyn in her article Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother ^[10] , as well as Irene Karras in The Third Wave's Final girl : Buffy the Vampire Slayer examines the connection with the third wave of feminism . Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy discuss with Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors the connection between girl power and the “new” image of pop warrior virgins ^[11] .

Criticism

Dr. Debbie Ging , professor of communication theory at the University of Dublin , criticized the ideals of girl power, linking them to the sexualization of children, especially girls ^[12] .

Amy McClure of the University of North Carolina warns that one should not have high hopes for girl power when it comes to the struggle for women's rights: “An ideology based on consumerism will never be a revolutionary social movement. The illusion that girl power is a revolutionary movement is a dangerous lie that marketers sell to us and that we joyfully sell to ourselves ^[13] . ” Media sometimes represents only a narrow part of the definition of what it means to be a girl today. A striking example of this is the Barbie toy, which includes the concept of girl power (“I can be” Barbie ^[14] ), arguing that a girl can become anyone when she grows up. However, the image of Barbie does not represent all the options possible for girls, but only a small part of them ^[15] .

Links

↑ Gonick M. Girl Power // Girl Culture . - Westport, Conn. [ua]: Greenwood Press , 2008. - S. 310-314. - ISBN 978-0-313-33909-7 .
↑ Leonard M. 'Rebel Girl, You Are the Queen of My World': Feminism, 'Subculture' and Grrrl Power // Sexing The Groove: Popular Music and Gender. - London: Routledge , 1997. - S. 230–255. - ISBN 978-0-415-14670-8 .
↑ Helen Love - Gabba Gabba We Accept You (unopened) . Homepage.ntlworld.com. Date of treatment September 30, 2012. Archived October 23, 2012.
↑ Shampoo - Interview by Alexander Laurence (neopr.) . Free Williamsburg (April 2001). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.
↑ From Title IX to Riot Grrrls (neopr.) . Harvard Magazine (January – February 2008). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.
↑ Girl power | You've come a long way baby (neopr.) . BBC News (December 30, 1997). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.
↑ Sarler, Carol. Girl Power: how it betrayed us (neopr.) . Daily Mail (July 21, 2006). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.
↑ Costi, Angela. Super Slick Power Chicks: The New Force or Elaborate Parody? (unspecified) . Senses of Cinema (October 4, 2002). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.
↑ Karras I. The Third Wave's Final girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (neopr.) . Thirdspace (2002). Archived July 14, 2006.
↑ Karlyn, Kathleen Rowe Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother (Neopr.) . Genders (2003). Date of treatment September 30, 2012. Archived June 12, 2012.
↑ Riley, Robin Review of Early, Frances; Kennedy, Kathleen, eds., Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors (unopened) (link not available) . H-Net Reviews (May 2004). Date of treatment September 30, 2012. Archived June 10, 2007.
↑ Ging D. “ Girl Power” doesn't empower: why it's time for an honest debate about the sexualisation of children in Ireland (unopened) (July 2007).
↑ McClure A. Girl Power Ideology: A Sociological Analysis of Post-Feminist and Individualist Visions for Girls (neopr.) . All Academic, Inc.
↑ Barbie - Fun games for girls, videos and assignments (neopr.) . Mattel
↑ Lamb S. , Brown LM Packaging girlhood: rescuing our daughters from marketers' schemes. - New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2007 .-- ISBN 9780312370053 .

Bibliography

Buffy The Patriarchy Slayer - Bibliography of scholarly articles on Buffy Studies (neopr.) . Archived on May 28, 2010.
Early FH , Kennedy K. Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors . - Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Univ. Press, 2003. - ISBN 978-0-8156-2968-9 .
Sugar, Spice, and Everything Nice: Cinemas of Girlhood / Gateward F. , Pomerance M .. - Detroit: Wayne State University Press , 2002 .-- ISBN 978-0-8143-2918-4 .
Helford ER Fantasy Girls: Gender in the New Universe of Science Fiction and Fantasy Television . - Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000 .-- ISBN 978-0-8476-9835-6 .
Hopkins S. Girl Heroes: The New Force in Popular Culture. - Pluto Press Australia, 2002. - ISBN 978-1-86403-157-7 .
Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture / Inness SA. - New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 .-- ISBN 978-1-4039-6396-3 .
Inness SA Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture. - Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press , 1999 .-- ISBN 978-0-8122-3466-4 .
Nancy Drew and company: culture, gender, and girls' series / Inness SA. - Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press , 1997. - ISBN 978-0-87972-736-9 .
Karlyn KR Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: 'I'm Not My Mother // Genders: Presenting Innovative Work in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. - 2003. - No. 38 .
Karras I. The Third Wave's Final girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (neopr.) . Thirdspace (2002). Archived July 14, 2006.
Magoulick M. Frustrating Female Heroism: Mixed Messages in Xena, Nikita, and Buffy // The Journal of Popular Culture. - October 2006. - Vol. 39, Is. 5. - P. 729-755. - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1540-5931.2006.00326.x .
Tasker Y. Action and Adventure Cinema . - New York: Routledge , 2004 .-- ISBN 978-0-415-23507-5 .

[1] Gonick M. Girl Power // Girl Culture . - Westport, Conn. [ua]: Greenwood Press , 2008. - S. 310-314. - ISBN 978-0-313-33909-7 .

[2] Leonard M. 'Rebel Girl, You Are the Queen of My World': Feminism, 'Subculture' and Grrrl Power // Sexing The Groove: Popular Music and Gender. - London: Routledge , 1997. - S. 230–255. - ISBN 978-0-415-14670-8 .

[3] Helen Love - Gabba Gabba We Accept You (unopened) . Homepage.ntlworld.com. Date of treatment September 30, 2012. Archived October 23, 2012.

[4] Shampoo - Interview by Alexander Laurence (neopr.) . Free Williamsburg (April 2001). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.

[5] From Title IX to Riot Grrrls (neopr.) . Harvard Magazine (January – February 2008). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.

[6] Girl power | You've come a long way baby (neopr.) . BBC News (December 30, 1997). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.

[7] Sarler, Carol. Girl Power: how it betrayed us (neopr.) . Daily Mail (July 21, 2006). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.

[8] Costi, Angela. Super Slick Power Chicks: The New Force or Elaborate Parody? (unspecified) . Senses of Cinema (October 4, 2002). Date of appeal September 30, 2012.

[9] Karras I. The Third Wave's Final girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (neopr.) . Thirdspace (2002). Archived July 14, 2006.

[10] Karlyn, Kathleen Rowe Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother (Neopr.) . Genders (2003). Date of treatment September 30, 2012. Archived June 12, 2012.

[11] Riley, Robin Review of Early, Frances; Kennedy, Kathleen, eds., Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors (unopened) (link not available) . H-Net Reviews (May 2004). Date of treatment September 30, 2012. Archived June 10, 2007.

[12] Ging D. “ Girl Power” doesn't empower: why it's time for an honest debate about the sexualisation of children in Ireland (unopened) (July 2007).

[13] McClure A. Girl Power Ideology: A Sociological Analysis of Post-Feminist and Individualist Visions for Girls (neopr.) . All Academic, Inc.

[14] Barbie - Fun games for girls, videos and assignments (neopr.) . Mattel

[15] Lamb S. , Brown LM Packaging girlhood: rescuing our daughters from marketers' schemes. - New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2007 .-- ISBN 9780312370053 .