Pesochny (St. Petersburg)

The village arose as a Count colony , near St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century . By 1902, the lands of the Levashovs and Vyazemsky on the left bank of the Black River, belonging to the Osinovoroshchinsky volost of the St. Petersburg province, were marked out as summer cottages, and the paved streets received names in honor of family members of land owners. In particular, modern Sovetskaya Street was called Vyazemsky Prospekt, and several smaller streets (perpendicular to it) (Sadovaya, Centralnaya, Zavodskaya, etc.) were named after the daughters of the owners.

The area was settled long before the founding of the Grafskaya railway station . Its historical past should be considered only together with the history of the region, the Karelian Isthmus .

For a long time, various Finno-Ugric tribes lived here. Since the XIII century , the Slavs appeared here. Resettlement of the Slavs, as the researchers note, occurred peacefully, the tribes of Vod , Chud , Izhora and others were not crowded out and not exterminated, since there was enough land and land for everyone.

For almost the entire 17th century the region was under Swedish rule, called Ingermanland . During this period, the influx of Finns to these parts increased. After the end of the Northern War (in 1721 ), by decree of Peter , the Russians were resettled to the territory of the Karelian Isthmus conquered from Sweden . Of course, being in close contact, ethnic groups influenced each other. Therefore, in their culture, traditions, rites, life and even languages, one can find a lot in common.

At the end of the second half of the 19th century , a significant population growth was observed in St. Petersburg , caused by the liberation of peasants from serfdom (February 19, 1861 ), the Finnish railway (September 11, 1870 ), and the development of factory industry. In the suburbs, brick, leather, sawmills and paper mills are being built.

The area was intensively populated by summer residents. In the lists of populated areas of the St. Petersburg province , according to the materials of 1896 , the suburban area at the Black River belonged to the Osinovoroshchinsky volost of the St. Petersburg district . It consisted of - 41 yards, in which lived - 51 males and 70 females. Total permanent residents - 121 people.

In 1880, a brick factory owned by M.V. Vyazemskaya was founded in Dibuny , and 200 people worked on it. There was also a water mill , the remains of which have survived to this day. In 1902, the owners of the Osinovaya Roscha manor — Countess Ekaterina Vladimirovna Levashova and Princess Maria Vladimirovna Vyazemskaya allotted 404 plots of land belonging to them, 1 tithe each, for sale for private development.

The pledged settlement Grafskaya was located on the left bank of the Black River and belonged to the Osinoroshchinsky volost . Count Alexander Vladimirovich Stenobok-Fermor , who owned land on the right bank of the Black River , also decides to sell part of the land to build a cottage community on it. 91 plots of 1 tithe each were prepared for sale. During its existence, the village at different times had different (according to documents) names: Dybunok, Dybun, Dybuny, Dibuny .

On May 30, 1902, at a meeting of the Construction Department of the St. Petersburg Provincial Government, the development plan for the settlement of Grafskaya was approved. The plan for approval on behalf of the last owners was presented by the managing director of the Aspen Grove estate F. F. Necklace. By order of the descendants of Count Levashov, the village is given the name "Count Colony". The main avenues are named after the last owners of our area - the Levashovs and Vyazemsky. The streets were named after the family members of the land owners: Mariinskaya (Central), Olginskaya (Sadovaya), Vladimirskaya (School), (School (Lidinskaya) ^[5] ), Andreevskaya (Oktyabrskaya), Ekaterininsky (Novostroek), Leonidovskaya (Krasnoflotskaya), and both Levashovsky and Vyazemsky Avenues (Leningradskaya and Sovetskaya) passed through the center. The name of the village of Grafskaya colony among the population did not take root, the name remained - Grafskaya . So on the map of St. Petersburg County in 1902, two new holiday villages appeared at once: Grafskaya and Dibuny . In 1904, the Society for Improvement of the Countryside was created in Grafskaya. The Society was in charge of street lighting, the central avenues were lit with kerosene-glow lamps. Electricity in the village appeared only in 1925 . The Society was in charge of the folk theater, performances by amateur orchestras were accompanied by a brass band consisting of forty people. In 1907, the Fire Society was established. With the assistance of the Society for the improvement of the countryside in Grafskaya in 1907, the first elementary school with 3 years of instruction began to work. In 1910, the first Zemsky school was opened in Grafskaya. In 1909, in Grafskaya a Society of consumers of a summer cottage was established. A post office was opened in 1912 .

The construction of the church began in April 1904 . The consecration of the church in the name of St. Seraphim of Sarov took place in Grafskaya on July 18, 1904 . In the village of Dibuny , where more than 500 people lived, and in the summer the population increased to 4 thousand, a stone church was built by the provincial sectarian P.I. Nikolsky. On a plot allocated to them from their own land in 1084 square meters. Fathom project of the temple was completed by the diocesan architect A.P. Aplaksin in 1912 .

In 1919, the Dibunsko-Graf outpatient clinic was opened. Only in 1931 a hospital was organized on Zavodskaya street, house 18, the population furnished it with furniture. In 1934, the hospital had 25 hospital beds. Before the October Revolution , there was a private pharmacy in the village of Grafskaya. In 1922, in the empty houses of the village of Grafskaya, the Krasnoarmeysky recreation house was located. In the village of Dibuny in the early 1900s, the owner of the mill, bakery, kvass and trading shop Graver Abraham settled in, and the owner of the grocery shop Masalev in Grafskaya. The shop was in a house on the corner of the modern School and Soviet streets, there was also a bakery. In the same building after the October Revolution , a rural consumer society (STR) was organized on shares.

In 1902, the first station was built in the village of Dibuny in the form it is now (except for railway platforms). Dibuny station is famous for the fact that on the night of August 9, 1917 V.I. Lenin illegally took a train on it after crossing from a hut near the Sestroretsky spill . Following this station in 1912, a station was built in the village of Grafskaya, which was rebuilt several times. Over time, modest passenger traffic developed and by 1915 reached 9,300 people a month at Dibuny station, and at Grafskaya - up to 14,600 people. The commodity movement also increased. In 1913, 3,709 loaded wagons were dispatched from Dibuny station, mainly with the cargo of a brick factory in Grafskaya.

Residents of the village witnessed the First World War , and some of the Japanese, revolutionary events and the Civil War , the first five-year plans and collectivization .

With the establishment of Soviet power, the organizational role was taken by Ahanov, Mikhailov, Bogdanov, Stupin. The first chairman of the village council was elected Akhanov. In 1921 - 1923 The chairman of the village council was elected I.N. Mikhailov. In 1925, the village of Grafskaya was renamed the village of Pesochny (according to other sources, in October 1931 Grafskaya was renamed into the village of Pesochny, and Dybun became Dibunami ^[6] ). In 1938, at the request of the workers, the Grafskaya station was given the same name, and the village of Dibuny was part of the village of Pesochny .

From 1927 to 1930 and from 1938 to 1954, the village was administratively part of the Pargolovsky district of the Leningrad region , in 1930-1938. - Leningrad Prigorodny district .

Many residents of the village remember the Finnish War of 1939-1940. terrible forty-degree frosts. The village of Pesochny was front-line during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 .

Despite the proximity of the front, the population of the village was not evacuated (only residents of the village of Dibuny, the first line of defense, were evicted). The houses (where the owners were, with their permission) housed the rear units of the 291 Gatchina Rifle Division and the headquarters, which was now on Pesochnaya St., in the former house of Luskarev, the village of Pesochny . Heavy fighting took place in the month of September over Beloostrov , where many fighters died, including political instructor I.P. Lobachik , who was buried in the cemetery of the village of Pesochny . The housing stock of the village of Dibuny was 60% destroyed. In 1941, hundreds of men went to the front, and dozens returned in 1945 .

During the Great Patriotic War, the chairman of the council was M. A. Vinogradova.

His pupils recall with gratitude the kindergarten with the name " Hearth ". Having survived the harsh blockade days of 1941 - 1942 , we clung to life , matured in wartime. Who lost their parents, who himself was shell-shocked by explosions of Finnish shells , weakened, but cured and survived, went to school. They were proud of their military parents, communicated very well with weapons and ammunition , which they could find in unlimited quantities in the Beloostrov region. The feeling of a child’s elbow, the lack of selfishness , the spirit of friendship left bright memories of those years.

A kindergarten for small blockades was opened in 1942 on Sadovaya Street 11. During the war, not a single child died in its walls. All the teachers came out. In memory of this, on October 5, 2009, a memorial plaque was erected from former pupils. “The kindergarten was round-the-clock, the children lived in it for two years, and then, after lifting the blockade, they were transferred to ul. Peat, and exhausted children from Leningrad began to be brought to kindergarten. They were raised to their feet ” ^[7] .

At the end of 1945, the individual construction of residential buildings begins in the village of Pesochny , which lasts until 1954 .

In April 1954, Pesochny was subordinated to the Sestroretsky district of Leningrad, according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of April 3, 1954 on the abolition of the Pargolovsky district and the transfer of the territory of the village of Pesochny to the city limits ^[8] .

Since the 1950s , the construction of departmental housing stock begins. The houses of the Ilyich, Russky Diesel, and Naval Town plants are being built. In the 1960s , the buildings of the Research Institute of Oncology and TsNIRRI (Central Scientific Research X-ray and Radiological Institute) were erected. In 1951, at a session of the village council, a decision was made to rename the streets.

In the postwar years from 1949 to 1961 . The village council was headed by I. Zhovtyak. In the 1960s , 17.5 thousand inhabitants lived in the village of Pesochny , and in the summertime about 30 thousand. In the summer, kindergartens and pioneer camps moved from the city to the village. A great contribution to the development of the village was made by its subsequent leaders: V. Shabunin, I. Proshin, N. Lapov, L. Paramonova, A. Sidorenko, A. Kalygin.

The current Pesochny covers not only the lands of the Count colony, but also the territories on which farms of the Ingermanland Finns were located even before the foundation of the holiday village.

On the last Sunday of June, the village of Pesochny celebrates its birthday, the countdown is from 1902 . Every year Sand becomes more comfortable, cleaner, more comfortable ^[9] .

The border passes: from the point of intersection (photo 1) of the border of the Vsevolozhsk district of the Leningrad region with the western border of quarter 38 of the Pesochinsky forestry, at the railway crossing on the Beloostrov highway - The sand border goes east, crosses the lands of the Morozovsky military forestry and goes east through the forests of Sertolovsky landfill to the northern village of Sand border crosses the river Black and Sertolovsky stream and goes to highway Sandy - Sertolovo (Sovetskaya), then eastward to re echeniya with a high-voltage line (photo 2) power to the Cancer Institute, so Pesochninskoe cemetery and treatment facilities are in Sertolovo Leningrad region, then the boundary extends along the northern and eastern borders of the territory of the Research Institute of Radiology (Photo 3 - 5), including its border in St. Petersburg , to the railway line Levashovo - Sertolovo , on the northern side of the right of way (photo 6.) which goes south to Leningradskaya street of the village of Pesochny (photo 7-9). Further, the border extends westward 670 m along the axis of Leningradskaya Street to the Institute of Oncology named after N. N. Petrov (photo 9), where the border passes with the m / o Pargolovo (photo 10). Further, the border goes southwest to continue the western border of the Gipronickel gardening (photo 11), further south along the western border of the Gipronickel gardening, so that gardening remains outside the village of Pesochny to the north side of the Vyborg railroad right of way, then to the north-west 2100 m on the northern side of the Vyborg railway right of way to the eastern border of quarter 15 of the Pesochinsky forestry, and from the architectural monument on ul. Zheleznodorozhny 14 (photo 12) further south, leaving the lakes of the recreation area of ​​Pesochny (photo 13) as a part of Pesochnaya along the eastern and southern borders of quarter 15 of the Pesochinsky forestry to the Black River, then to the south-west along the axis of the Black River to the eastern border of the quarter 35 Sestroretsky forestry, further south along the eastern border of the quarter 35 Sestroretsky forestry and 40 m along the border of the specified quarter to the shore of Lake Deaf, where the borders with the city of Sestroretsky and Vyborg district of St. Petersburg converge, then west 250 m along the northern coast Ie Lake of Deaf Lake to the eastern border of the institute’s territory (photo 14) of electrical measuring instruments, then to the north and west along the eastern and northern borders of the institute’s territory of electrical measuring instruments to the road, then west along the axis of the road (photo 15) and 100 m along the coast Lake Sestroretsky spill , further north on the shores of Lake Sestroretsky spill (photo 16) to the Black river, then north along the axis of the river on the border with the Black n. Beloostrov to the western border district 43 Pesochinskogo forestry, further north along the western boundary to Artal 43, 41 and 38 Pesochinskogo forest to the intersection with the boundary (photo 1) Vsevolozhsky region Leningrad region .

As of 2013, the borders of the village of Pesochny have been increased due to the lands of the Leningrad Region (Sertolovo). The Pesochenskoye cemetery and some residential, former military towns of Sertolovo are included. Exact borders are indicated on the map of the boundaries of municipalities (see above).

• Photo gallery on the borders of the municipality of the village of Pesochny
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  1. Yellow Road Beloostrov - Sand

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  2. Interrogation of the high voltage line behind a cemetery

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  3. Institute of Radiology

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  4. Chapel at the institute

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  5. Name of the chapel

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  6. The road to Sertolovo

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  7. The road to the Russian Science and Technology Center

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  8. Leningradskaya street

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  9. Institute of Oncology

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  10.On the border with m / o Pargolovo

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  11. Gardening "Gipronickel"

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  12.Monument of architecture, Zheleznodorozhnaya St., 14

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  13. Sand Recreation Area

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  13. Former quarries of clay brick factory

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  14. Institute. Hotel "Laguna"

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  15. Road to the Sestroretsky Spill

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  16. Bay of the Black River

Since 1996, the village of Pesochny has the status of the municipality "the village of Pesochny ." On the last weekend of June, the Day of the village of Pesochny is celebrated ^[21] . The date is timed to the adoption of the plan of the Construction Department of the St. Petersburg Provincial Government on the lands of Countess Levashova, Princess Vyazemsky and Count Steinbock-Fermor of the organization of a summer residence with the sonorous name "Count" ^[22] .

The village of Pesochny to this day is a well-maintained village of a summer cottage type, a village of high culture, a resting place for Petersburgers.

Now in Pesochny are:

• Multidisciplinary Oncology Clinic MIBS (Center for Radiosurgery and Radiation Therapy, Center for Surgery, Center for Chemotherapy, Center for Morphological Diagnostics) ^[24] .
• Scientific Town Research Institute of Oncology. prof. NN Petrova Ministry of Health and Social Development and the Russian Scientific Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies (former TsNIRRI).
• Temple of St. Seraphim of Sarov .
• At the local cemetery there is a mass grave of soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 , a monument to the victims of Siege of Leningrad , the grave of Heroes of the Soviet Union, which are monuments of the Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Resort District of St. Petersburg .

The village has a set of social services for the population necessary for comfortable living. There is a bathhouse, a library, a culture center, two schools with new stadiums with artificial turf, a police station, a fire department, a polyclinic, a hospital, an ambulance 03, and a pharmacy are compactly located. Near the railway platform there is a post office, a municipal council and a bus traffic dispatcher through the village.

• The objects
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  Municipal Council during World War II

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  Municipal Council

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  Bathhouse

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  Library

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  House of Culture

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  437 school

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  Stadium 466 School

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  Score

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  Militia

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  Fire department

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  Clinic and hospital

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  Ambulance 03

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  Pharmacy

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  post office

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  Branch of Sberbank

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  Veterinary Clinic

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  Social Home (Nursing Home)

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  Bus routes

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  Sports School, School Street. 16.

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  Sports school, memory of the blockade

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  School stadium 437