Sayf ad-Din Khairbey ( Arabic: سيف الدين خير بيك , mid- 15th century , Syria - 1522 , Cairo ) - Mamluk emir , politician of the Mamluk sultanate , later the Ottoman Empire , governor of the Turkish sultan in Egypt .
| High bay | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | is unknown |
| Place of Birth | Syria |
| Date of death | 1522 |
| Place of death | Cairo |
| Citizenship |   |
| Occupation | politician |
| Religion | Islam |
Content
Biography
Khair Bay was a Mameluke of Circassian [1] or Abkhazian [2] origin, supposedly born in Aleppo in the middle of the 15th century.
In the service of the Mamluks
By the time the Ottoman-Mamluk war began (1516-1517), Khair Bay was the governor of the Mameluk sultan Al-Ashraf Kansuh al-Gauri in the city of Aleppo, Syria. On August 5, 1516, the troops of the Turkish Sultan Selim I crossed the border of the Mamluk sultanate. The Turks moved from Malatya south to Syria, on August 20, the Mamluks made a one-day transition to meet the Turks north of the plain of Marge Dabik, which was chosen as the site for the decisive battle. during the battle on the plain, Marge Dabik Khairbey commanded the Mamluk troops on the left flank, but at the decisive moment of the battle with his troops he switched to the Ottomans [3] . Khair bey spread the rumor about the death of Sultan Kansuh al-Guri, which caused panic in the Mameluk ranks [4] . For this, Selim appointed him ruler of Aleppo. The Mamluk Sultan Kansuha al-Gauri fell in this battle.
In the service of the Turks
After the capture of Cairo by the Turks, Khair Bay was in Egypt. When the Turks captured the last Mamluk sultan of Tuman Bay, it was Khair Bay and another Circassian traitor Janberdi al-Ghazali who convinced the Ottoman Sultan that the prisoner should be executed immediately, although Selim wanted to give life to Tuman Bay [1] [5] . On August 29, 1517, Selim I appointed Khair Bay the ruler of Egypt, and he received his possessions for life [1] . True, he annually formally had to receive an extension of his powers, which emphasized the non-hereditary nature of his privileges. Khair-Bey ruled under the title Malik Al-Umar (King of the Emirs) [1] . The royal title of Saif ad - dina Khair - Bey symbolized the special position of Egypt as an ally and vassal of Porta [1] . The administration of Egypt under Khair Bey continued to follow the practice of the Mameluk Sultanate. Government representatives in the provinces were called kashifs , as they were under the old regime. All the kashifs were Mamelukes. From the surviving Mamluks of those emirs who were completely devoted to Tuman-Bai and Mamluks Khair-Bey, special cavalry units of the Ottoman army were formed, which were called Jamaat al-Dzherakis ( Circassian corps ). The Khair-Bey court was no different from the courts of the Mameluk sultans of the Burjit dynasty, it maintained its own army and was completely independent in its internal affairs. Hyr Bey made every effort to restore the traditional system of acquisition, training and promotion of Mamluks. In 1520, he returned to the Circassians their former uniform. However, the vassal Mamluk kingdom was abolished with the death of Khair Bay in October 1522 [6] . Egypt received the status of an Eyaleth led by Beylerbey. The Circassian corps was disbanded and included in the seven corps of the Ottoman army.
In September 1520, the Mamluks in Syria rebelled. He was led by the Turkish governor in Syria, Janberdi al-Ghazali, who counted on the support of the Egyptian Mamelukes. However, the Egyptian Mamelukes, led by Khair Bey, not only did not help their Syrian counterparts, moreover, Khair Bey moved the troops to suppress the rebellion, which retained his power and the high title of ruler of Egypt, unlike the Syrian Mamelukes, who were completely destroyed or driven out [7] .
High Bay died in October 1522.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 FROM HAIR - BEY TO MAHMUD SAMI (1517–1882) .
- ↑ A.Sh. Kadyrbaev, Sayf-ad-Din Khair-Bek - Abkhazian "king of emirs" of Mamluk Egypt (1517-1522), "Materials of the first international scientific conference dedicated to the 65th anniversary of V.G. Ardzinba." Sukhum: AbIGI, 2011, pp. 87-95
- ↑ DAMIR KHAYRUDDIN. 924-1518. SULTAN SELIM CONQUERS Syria and Egypt . ALMANAH .
- ↑ Zelenev E.I. Library of History. Egypt: Middle Ages. New time .
- ↑ Zelenev E.I. Library of History. Egypt: Middle Ages. New time - .
- ↑ Circassians in the countries of Africa .
- ↑ Zelenev E.I. Library of History. Egypt: Middle Ages. New time .