Abu Abdurrahman Muhammad ibn al-Husayn as-Sulami ( Arabic. أبو عبد الرحمن السلمي ; after 937 , Nishapur - 1021 , Nishapur ) - Islamic theologian , author of books on Sufism and the interpretation of the Koran .
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| Birth name | Muhammad ibn al-Hussein al-Sulami al-Naisaburi |
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Biography
His full name is Abu Abdurrahman Muhammad ibn al-Hussein al-Azdi as-Sulami al-Naisaburi. Born in Nishapur in 937 or 942 , died there in 1021 year. His father belonged to the Azd tribe, and his mother was from the Sulaim tribe. After father al-Sulami left to live in Mecca , the responsibility for training the boy was assigned to his maternal grandfather, Abu Amr Ismail ibn Nujayd (d. 976 ), who was a student of Abu Usman al-Hiri (d. 910 ). Al-Khiri was a lawyer of the Shafi'i madhhab , studied the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad and led an ascetic lifestyle [3] .
As-Sulami received the right of mentoring ( Ijaz ) from the Hanafi jurist Abu Sahl al-Suluyki ( 909 - 980 ), and after a while (after 951 ) Sufi cloak ( hirka ) from the Shafi'it Abul- Qasima al-Nasrabadi (d. 977 ), which ten years earlier in Baghdad received a hirk from Abu Bakr al-Shibli [3] .
As-Sulami traveled extensively around Khorasan and Iraq to study hadiths. For long periods of time was in Merv and Baghdad . He visited Hijaz several times, but apparently had never been to Syria and Egypt . AT In 976 , he made a pilgrimage to Mecca with al-Nasrabadi, who soon died [3] .
AT In 978 he returned to Nishapur and found out that his grandfather Ismail Ibn Nujayd had died, leaving him an extensive library. This library has become the center of a small Sufi “house” ( duvira ). There he spent the remaining forty years of his life, probably several times during this time visiting Baghdad. Toward the end of his life, he became a very respected Shafi’s jurist in Khorasan and the author of Sufism manuals [3] .
Proceedings
Al-Sulami wrote a large number of books on Sufism and the interpretation of the Qur'an. His biographer Muhammad al-Kashshab ( 991 - 1064 ) compiled a long list of his works, including more than one hundred titles of books written by him over the course of fifty years from 971 years. About thirty of his manuscripts were preserved, many of which appeared in print [3] .
All his works can be divided into three main categories [3] :
- biographies of Sufis;
- Sufi interpretations of the Qur'an;
- treatises on Sufi traditions and customs [3] .
The main work of Abu Abdurrahman al-Sulami is Tarih al-Sufiyya ( Tabakat al-Sufiyya ), which lists biographies of a large number of Sufis and their statements, collected from other sources. This work is probably an extended version of the book of Tarih Ibn Shadan ar-Razi (d. 986 ) [3] .
The writings of al-Sulami on Sufi traditions and customs, which are often called Sunan al-Sufiyya , have not survived to this day. Excerpts from these works are collected in the works of Abu Bakr al-Bayhaki (d. 1066 ) [3] . Judging by these excerpts, Sunan al-Sulami represented various small treatises on Sufi practices [4] .
His main work on the interpretation of the Koran is Hakaik at-tafsir ( Arabic. .ائق التفسير ). This voluminous work has not yet been published in full, although extracts from it were published by Massignon and Nvia. Some time after the completion of Hakaik at-tafsira (after 980 ), al-Sulami wrote a tafsir called Ziyadat hakaik at-tafsir ( Arabic. زيادات حقائق التفسير ). A significant part of both comments of the Qur'an was combined in the book of Arais al-bayan fi hakaik at-tafsir Abu Muhammad Ruzbikhan al-Bakli (d. 1209 ) [4] .
Notes
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Babelio
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Böwering G., 1997 , p. 811.
- ↑ 1 2 Böwering G., 1997 , p. 812.
Literature
- al-Sulamī / Böwering G. // Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2 ed . - Leiden: EJ Brill , 1997 .-- T. 9 .-- P. 811-812. (paid)