Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie Snevlit ( Dutch: Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie Sneevliet , May 13, 1883 - April 13, 1942 ) - Dutch Communist, one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party , the Communist Party of Indonesia , Marx — Lenin — Luxembourg — the Front .
| Hendrickus Josefus Franciscus Marie Snevlit | |
|---|---|
| Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie Sneevliet | |
 | |
| Aliases | Maring |
| Date of Birth | May 13, 1883 |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | April 13, 1942 (58 years old) |
| Place of death | Lösden , province of Utrecht , Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | , , , |
| The consignment | Communist Party of Indonesia , Communist Party of China |
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Biography
Snevlit was born in Rotterdam . After completing his studies, in 1900 he began working on the Netherlands Railways and joined the Social Democratic Labor Party (SDRP, Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij ) and the railway workers union. From 1906, Snevlit worked for the SDLP in Zwoll , where he became the first Social Democratic member of the city council in the 1907 elections.
Snevlit also actively worked in the NV railway union and in 1911 became its chairman. In the union, Snevlit adhered to radical positions.
Netherlands East Indies
Snevlit lived in the Netherlands East Indies from 1913 to 1918 . In 1914 , he became one of the founders of the Indonesian Social Democratic Association ( Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging , ISDV ), which included both the Dutch and the Indonesians. He also worked at the Vereeniging van Spoor- en Tramwegpersoneel railway union. This alliance subsequently became the basis of the Indonesian communist movement.
After the 1917 revolution in Russia, the influence of Snevlit on Indonesian workers and, especially, Dutch soldiers and sailors began to frighten the authorities. December 5, 1918 he was expelled from the Netherlands East Indies.
After returning to the Netherlands, Snevlit organized a 1920 transportation strike. In the same year, he spoke at the Second Congress of the Comintern in Moscow and Petrograd, as a representative of the Communist Party of Indonesia , into which the ISDV was transformed. After that, Snevlit was sent by the Comintern to China to help organize the Chinese Communist Party .
China
June 3, 1921 Snevlit arrived in Shanghai . First of all, he sent two Chinese Communists to Moscow at the Third Congress of the Comintern. He was one of the organizers of the first congress of the Chinese Communist Party . In December 1921, Snevlit visited Sun Yat-sen in southern China. Then he returned to Beijing and handed over to the Soviet representative Alexander Paykes two messages to be sent to Moscow - one to the Executive Committee of the Comintern on the alliance between the CCP and the Kuomintang , the other to the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, proposing to appoint a Soviet representative to southern China. Mikhail Borodin was appointed permanent representative of the USSR in southern China. In 1922, Snevlit organized an alliance between the CCP and the Kuomintang.
In April 1922, Snlevlit sailed from Shanghai and arrived in Moscow in July 1922 through Singapore, Marseille, Amsterdam and Tallinn. Here he presented a detailed report on the situation in China to the Executive Committee of the Comintern. After this, Snevlit returned to China and on August 25, 1922 met with Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai. After that, the Chinese Communists began to enter the Kuomintang en masse, while remaining at the same time members of the CCP. In the winter of 1922-1923, Snevlit again arrived in Moscow and discussed Chinese issues with the leadership of the Comintern.
Netherlands
In 1927 , after the deterioration of relations between Snevlit and the leadership of the Communist Party of the Netherlands , Snevlit left the Communist Party and founded his own, the Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP, Revolutionair Socialistische Partij ), which, after merging with the Independent Socialist Party (NSP), was transformed into the Revolutionary Socialist Party Labor Party (RSRP, Revolutionair Socialistische Arbeiders Partij ). This party in 1934 signed a declaration of four [1] together with the International Communist League , led by Leon Trotsky , the NSP and the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany . However, in the end, the RSRP broke with the Trotskyists and became part of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Socialist Unity, together with the British Independent Labor Party and the Spanish POUM .
Arrested for organizing a strike in 1933, but released due to election to the lower house of the General States .
After the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of the Netherlands by German troops, Snevlit hid underground and stood at the head of the Marx — Lenin — Luxembourg — Front . He was one of the organizers of the 1941 strike. The Gestapo was arrested and, together with other members of the leadership of the MLL Front, was executed on April 12, 1942. They met death heroically: by singing the " International ."