Leiteisen, Gabriel Davidovich

Born in the family of a craftsman-tinsmith. He studied at the Ekaterinoslav gymnasium. In 1890–92 - One of the organizers of the Marxist circle together with Freidel, Leibov and Wulfovich in Yekaterinoslav. In 1893, the circle broke up, as Leiteisen and Freidel enter the University of Kiev. But Leyteisen does not break ties with Yekaterinoslavl and in 1894 he created the first working social-democratic circle at the Alexander South-Russian Plant of the Bryansk Society. With the development of revolutionary activity in the city, it becomes necessary to coordinate a common leadership, which is organized by Leyteisen, Vinokurov and Mandelstam, thus creating the first Yekaterinoslav Social Democratic organization. The nervous tension that arose during this period undermined Leiteisen's health and at the beginning of 1895 he became ill, and was leaving for treatment in Crimea. Having received the news that the police are looking for him, he leaves for Odessa, from which he is helped to cross the Romanian border, and then he makes his way to Germany, to Cologne on the Rhine, where his sister lived, and then to France. In France, he enters the medical faculty of the oldest university in Montpellier. But it is later. And at first, he establishes relations with like-minded revolutionaries, goes to Switzerland, gets acquainted with Plekhanov and joins the Emancipation of Labor group and also actively participates in the work of the Union of Russian Social Democrats, later he leaves this union with Plekhanov when "economists" took over. From the University of Montpellier, he is transferred to the University of Paris ^[2] , after which he receives a doctor’s diploma.

At the same time, he finds time for extensive party activity. It gains special scope and focus under the direct supervision of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. It is known that in the 1900s G. Leyteisen and V.I. Lenin are closely connected in revolutionary work. It was on May 24, 1900, that V. I. Ulyanov sent a letter in which he first signed: Lenin.

Since 1902 he was a representative of Iskra in Paris. After the Second Congress, the RSDLP (1903) joined the Bolsheviks; collaborated in the newspapers Vperyod and Proletary. On October 29, 1905, the first congress of the French United Socialist Party opened in the city of Chalon. G. Leyteisen (Lindov) takes part in his work and is elected to the Congress Bureau. At the end of 1905, G. Leyteisen returned with his family to Russia in St. Petersburg, where he actively works in a St. Petersburg party organization, conducting tireless propaganda of fighting Bolshevik slogans among St. Petersburg workers. In the summer of 1906, the G. Leyteisen family settled in the VAZ cottage in Kuokkale, near St. Petersburg. At the end of the summer of 1906, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya settled in their country house. Here Lenin lived intermittently until December 1907, illegally leaving for St. Petersburg.

At the Fifth Congress of the RSDLP (London, 1907) - G. Leiteisen (Valerin), a rapporteur from the Bolsheviks, was elected by the Congress to the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee .

In con. He was arrested in 1907, imprisoned in Kresty , and then sent under police supervision to Tula, earning his living by medical practice, for which he had to take a doctor exam in Russia. In Tula, he lived in 1907-1916, continued party work.

In the conditions of the post-revolutionary defeat, confusion, and ideological vacillations, Leiteisen took the position of the Bolshevik-conciliators, working with the Menshevik liquidators, seeking the ground for work with them in common. Lenin’s words that there can be no “reconciliation” with the Menshevik liquidators is still unclear to many Bolsheviks, including Leiteisen.

To work in Russia, the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee was created, which includes both the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. In 1910, G. D. Leyteisen and V. P. Nogin became members of the Russian Bureau from the Bolsheviks, who also held the positions of conciliation towards the liquidators during the years of reaction. The efforts of Leitheisen and Nogin to attract the Mensheviks to work in the Russian Bureau did not lead to anything: the Mensheviks had long since abandoned illegal work in the party and claimed that the existence of the Central Committee was harmful. Only thanks to the efforts of Leyteisen and Nogin, despite all their mistakes and misunderstandings arising in the Leninist line in the fight against the Menshevik liquidators, did the Russian Bureau owe its existence at that time. In March 1911, according to a denouncer provocateur, Leiteisen and Nogin were arrested. In prison, Leiteisen exacerbates the disease - a stomach ulcer. Relatives and friends are bothering about permission for him to go abroad for treatment. The leadership of the Tula gendarmerie made concessions - it allows exit. In Switzerland, he undergoes an operation and undergoes a course of treatment for two months, after which he returns to Tula, where he is subject to police supervision and is allowed to practice medicine.

Again, party work is the main content of his life and work. He is one of the organizers of the health insurance fund at the Tula Cartridge Plant , he is involved in labor and insurance medicine, writes the brochure "Child Labor", published only after the February Revolution. Leiteisen is one of the creators of the free sanatorium for tuberculosis patients near Tula, in the village of Inshinka. In 1913, he establishes a connection between the city Bolshevik organization and the Bolsheviks of the military units of the Tula garrison. With the outbreak of the war, Leitheisen was called up for military service as a doctor, for some time he worked in Tula in a hospital and in an arms factory , from which he was dismissed by order of the governor in 1916 and sent to the front.

Having returned to Tula after the fall of the autocracy, Leutheisen did not abandon the idea of ​​the possibility of reconciliation between the Bolsheviks and the left wing of the Mensheviks; he adjoins a group of Social-Democratic internationalists , which was a petty-bourgeois party that opposed armed insurrection, and was notable for its inconsistent position.

On March 17, 1917, the first issue of the Social Democratic newspaper Voice of the People, which arose on the initiative of G. D. Leyteisen, was published in Tula. He was its editor, and the publication of the newspaper at the initial stage was carried out at the expense of his lectures; the newspaper was daily. But the position of the “Voice of the People” in assessing current events was rather vague: it affected or avoided general phrases and disoriented the reader. To a large extent, this came from G. D. Leyteisen, who was still under the influence of Social Democrats-Internationalists and was a member of the Central Committee of this party.

In May, the Tula Bolsheviks severed ties with the Mensheviks and created a Bolshevik organization. Leiteisen, on the other hand, remained in the old position, in a vacillating position. At the end of May, in the Voice of the People, a new composition of the editorial board was elected - all the Mensheviks, Leitheisen left the newspaper and published in the Bolshevik Proletarskaya Pravda, the process of moving away from the organization of his newly acquired like-minded comrades to the old Bolshevik comrades began. After the meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on April 29, 1918, when discussing the report of Lenin, only Sosnovsky and Lindov supported the provisions expressed by Lenin. And soon, one of the first among the Social Democrats-Internationalists, G. D. Leyteisen (Lindov) broke with this organization and returned to the Bolshevik party. He was restored to party experience since 1894.

With the Soviet government moving to Moscow, Leiteisen receives the appointment of a member of the board and the head of the social insurance department of the People's Commissariat of Labor. And after a while, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee sent Leyteisen to Saratov, he was appointed chairman of the Extraordinary Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, its task is to fight the counter-revolution, the struggle for bread, necessary for industrial cities.

In August 1918, Leutheisen (Lindov) was appointed chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council and political commissar of the 4th Army of the Eastern Front. He participates in the management of hostilities and conducts organizational work, leaving for divisions, regiments, speaking to the Red Army, commanders. During this period he wrote one of the first books on political work in the army “On Political Work and Political Workers at the Front” (published at the end of December 1918).

January 20, 1919 died on the Eastern Front, the rebel soldiers of one of the regiments killed him.

He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery .

In his novel "Chapaev" Dmitry Furmanov, speaking about the history of the rebellion and death of Lindov, called him "the noblest of the revolutionaries." In Samara, the location of units of the 4th Army in 1919 was called Lindov town, on one of the buildings was a bas-relief of Lindov.

Family

• Wife - Minna G. Mogilevskaya.

Children:

• Maurice (1897-1939, repressed ^[3] ) - diplomat, designer, researcher Nietzsche (Nietzsche and financial capital. M.-L., 1928.); He was married to Barbara Vasilievna Blagoslavova (1901-1981).
• Cecilia (1901-1984) - from 1933 to mid-1935. - Instructor of the Department of Culture and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and then until October 1937, instructor of the Department of Press and Publishing A critic of the works of O. Freidenberg (“Harmful nonsense”, Izvestia newspaper, September 28, 1936).
• Maria
• Lydia (b. 1910) - specialist in the field of photoelectronics, scientist, inventor; Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1953).
• Grand-nephew Gleb Yurievich Maximov (1926-2001), one of the creators of the first Earth satellite.

• One of the streets of the city of Tula bears the name Leiteisen.

• Leiteisen // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia : in 16 vol. / Ed. E. M. Zhukova . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1961-1976.
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