Dasyatis lata (lat.) Is a species of the tail species from the family of the caudal - caudal detachment of the caudal-like supernatural skates . They inhabit the subtropical waters of the northwestern and eastern-central Pacific . This is the predominant species of tailings in the waters washing the Hawaiian Islands . They are encountered at a depth of more than 15 m. The maximum recorded width of the disk is 1.5 m. The pectoral fins of these skates grow together with the head, forming a rhomboid disk whose width exceeds the length. The snout is short, the tip protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the disc. The tail is longer than the disc. Behind the spike on the caudal stem ventral ventral carina is located ventrally. The dorsal surface of the disc is even olive or brown in color. These stingrays are nocturnal. Their diet consists of benthic invertebrates and teleost fishes . Like the other caudate-like Dasyatis lata, they reproduce by egg production . Embryos develop in the womb, feeding on the yolk and histotrophs . Not subject to target fishing [1] [2] .
| Dasyatis lata |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
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| International Scientific Name |
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Dasyatis lata Garman , 1880 |
| Synonyms |
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- Dasyatis latus (Garman, 1880)
- Trygon lata Garman, 1880
- Dasyatis sciera Jenkins, 1903
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| Security status |
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Least concernIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 161386 |
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Content
Dasyatis lata was first scientifically described in 1880 as Trygon lata [3] . Later the genus Trygon and the genus Dasyatis were recognized as synonyms . The holotype is an individual with a disk 52 cm wide, caught off the islands, which at that time were called Sandwich [3] . The specific epithet comes from the word lat. lata - “wide” [4] . Reports of the presence of Dasyatis lata in the waters of Taiwan relate to another type of tailings [2] .
In 2001, a phylogenetic analysis of 14 species of tailings, based on morphology , was published. In it, the northern prickly stingrail and Dasyatis lata were recognized as closely related species forming the treasure with the American stingray and Dasyatis longa . The fact that the northern spiny tails and Dasyatis lata inhabit different oceans probably indicates that they diverged before the formation of the Isthmus of Panama (about 3 million years ago) [5] .
Dasyatis lata has a very long tail with a ventral skin fold.
Dasyatis lata inhabit the waters washing the Hawaiian Islands. These stingrays are found in bays with oozy or sedimentary bottoms, including the islands of Maui and Oahu , as well as coral reefs at a depth of 2.5 to 357 m. Most often they fall deeper than 15 m. Like most tailings, they lead a bottom life [2] .
The pectoral fins of these rays grow together with the head, forming a diamond-shaped flat disk, almost a quarter wider than the length, and the leading edge converges at an obtuse angle. The snout is rounded, the tip of the light comes out beyond the edges of the disk. Sprigulae are located behind the eyes. On the ventral surface of the disk are 5 gill slits, mouth and nostrils. Between the nostrils runs a skin flap with a fringed lower edge. The mouth is curved in the form of an arc, at the bottom of the oral cavity there are 5-6 processes, two extreme smaller than the rest. The teeth are staggered and form a flat surface. Pelvic fins small and rounded. The tail in the form of a whip is 2 times longer than the disk. Like other caudal tails on the dorsal surface in the central part of the caudal stem is a serrated spike, connected by ducts with a poisonous gland. Sometimes skates have 2 spikes. Periodically, the spike breaks off and a new one grows in their place. A ventral dermal fold is located behind the spike on the caudal stem [3] [6] [7] .
Ventral surface of the disk.
Large skates in the middle part of the back have 3 large plaques, the tail is littered with small scales, making it rough. Along the sides, along the tail, there is an uneven row of conical spines, in front of the main spike there are several large flat plaques. The dorsal surface of the disc is even olive or brown in color. The ventral surface of the disc is white. In the waters of the Hawaiian Islands, there is another species of stingrays, the Californian stingray, from which Dasyatis lata is distinguished by a longer tail and the absence of a dorsal tail skin fold. The maximum recorded width of the disc is 1.5 m, and the weight is 53 kg [7] [8] .
During the day, Dasyatis lata is usually inactive and most of the time lies at the bottom, burrowing under a layer of sediment. Studies by tagging skates showed that at night they patrol a site with an average area of 0.83 km², while the daily activity site has an area of only 0.12 km². In this case, the ramps do not remain in any particular place. They are most active 2 hours after sunset and 2 hours before dawn. In summer, when the water temperature is higher, they are more active. Tides do not have a significant effect on their behavior, since they dwell quite deeply [9] .
Dasyatis lata prey mainly on bottom crustaceans, as well as polychaetes and teleost fishes [8] . To get to the prey, buried in the ground, they dig large holes. Occasionally they are followed by scad . Rays love to hunt on the border of the reef, where at night hide parrot fish, wrasse , bullhead , etc. [9] . On Dasyatis lata parasitic tapeworms Acanthobothrium chengi , Rhinebothrium hawaiiensis [10] , Pterobothrium hawaiiensis , Prochristianella micracantha and Parachristianella monomegacantha [11] parasitize .
Like other caudate-like Dasyatis lata, it belongs to the egg- fertile fish. Embryos develop in the womb, feeding on the yolk and histotrophs [1] .
Dasyatis lata are not target fishing. The waters of the Hawaiian Islands are mainly pelagic tuna fisheries, and the bottom one is absent. The range of these skates is partially located in the zone of marine reserves. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has given this species the status of “Causes the least concern” [2] .
- ↑ 1 2 Dasyatis lata (Eng.) In FishBase database.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Dasyatis lata (English) . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- 2 1 2 3 New species of selachians in the museum collection // Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. - 1880. - Vol. 6, no. (11) . - P. 115-123.
- ↑ Large Latin-Russian dictionary. (Neopr.) The appeal date is February 9, 2015.
- ↑ Rosenberger, LJ; Schaefer, SA Schaefer, SA, ed. Phylogenetic Relationships within the Stingray Genus Dasyatis (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae) // Copeia. - American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, 2001. - No. 3 . - p . 615-627 . - DOI : 10.1643 / 0045-8511 (2001) 001 [0615: PRWTSG] 2.0.CO; 2 .
- ↑ McEachran, JD and MR de Carvalho. Dasyatidae. Stingrays = In KE Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. - 2003.
- 2 1 2 Hoover, JP Fish of the Month: Stingray Dasyatis lata (Unc.) . hawaiisfishes.com .. Appeal Date February 10, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Dale, J. Life-History and Ecology of the Brown Stingray (Unop.) . HIMB Shark Lab. The date of circulation is February 10, 2015. Archived February 28, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Cartamil, DP, JJ Vaudo, CG Lowe, BM Wetherbee and KN Holland. Dasyatis lata: Diel movement patterns for the ecological interactions between sympatric elasmobranch species // Marine Biology. - 2003. - Vol. 142 - № (5) . - p . 841-847 . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00227-003-1014-y .
- ↑ Cornford, EM Two Tetraphyllidean Cestodes from Hawaiian Stingrays. - The Journal of Parasitology, 1974. - Vol. 60, No. (6) . - P. 942-948. - DOI : 10.2307 / 3278520 . - PMID 4436766 .
- ↑ Carvajal, J., RA Campbell and EM Cornford. Some of the New York Species from the Hawaiian Fishes, with the Descriptions of the Four New Species // The Journal of Parasitology. - 1976. - Vol. 62, No. (2) . - P. 70-77. - DOI : 10.2307 / 3279044 . - PMID 1255387 .
- View of Dasyatis lata (Eng.) In the World Register of Marine Species .
