Bath stove

By itself, the bath cannot create bath modes, and is nothing more than a room for the adoption of bath procedures. However, bath stoves are not always installed in saunas, for example, in a “black” bathhouse, the furnace function was performed by a hearth with a large laying of stones heated by a direct flame. And although sometimes these hearths are called the stove "in black", however, the stove structurally should have a firebox. The bath "in white" is heated by a stove, which has a chimney. Such confirmation is found in the "Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by S. A. Kuznetsov ^[1] :

Banya - and; many genus. baths, dates -you; g.

1. A special building or room where they wash and steam. To wash in the bath. Stoke the bath. Steam room, Russian b. Finnish b. (= sauna). White b. (with a stove, the chimney of which is led out through the roof to the outside, in contrast to the black one). Black b.; smoking b. (with a hearth without a chimney and a pipe). Drink some tea after the bath. / Acres. About washing in such a room.

The task of the sauna stove is not only to heat the steam room to the sauna regimes, but also to create a microclimate suitable for the adoption of bathing procedures. Maintaining humidity in a very heated room by using steam.

The sauna stove is a modified heating furnace for the task of creating steam modes and therefore contains common features: a firebox , a casing (often heat-accumulating especially in brick ovens ), a convector in modern metal furnaces), a steam generator. The steam generator in modern furnaces is represented by a complex construction for producing steam, often built into steel furnaces. Traditionally, a steam generator is a heater. That is why bath stoves are often called simply heaters. As V.I. Dahl describes the bath stove in the 19th century: “Kamenka w. arch. generally bake; sib. temporary oven, from the savage, not brick; || sauna stove, a pile of wild stone, cobblestone on a steam oven; the same furnace in a barn ”[3].

Classification of bath furnaces by type of materials used for the manufacture of:

1. Stone
2. Brick
3. Adobe
4. Cast iron
5. Steel
6. Combined

In the old days, stoves were made from improvised materials, so if we pay attention to the definition of V.I. Dahl's stove in the regions, as indicated in Siberia, the “savage, not brick” stove is due to the high cost of brick at that time, and therefore materials were used, which could be easily obtained in the area; where it was stone, stone was used. In the southern steppe regions, adobe kilns were made similar to the Russian kiln, and although some perceive the Russian kiln as a place for steaming, the kiln was the main source of heat and steam. Since its size did not allow direct use, you need to perceive the phrase "soared in the Russian stove" as - "soared with the Russian stove ". With the proliferation of bricks, the brick kiln became the main sauna stove. Almost everyone could make brick stoves, many masters offered orders, and special reference books were published. In the 20th century, with the development of metallurgy, pig-iron bath stoves appeared, and in the 70s – 80s, steel welded stoves were heated.

According to the principle of operation of the furnace, they are divided into periodic actions, which are more often heat-accumulating, and continuous action, often convection.

The section of heat-storage furnaces includes: brick, cast-iron or steel in the heat-storage class. Such furnaces are very material-intensive and therefore not cheap, in addition, they require a large amount of fuel and maintenance costs. Heat storage furnaces are usually installed in commercial saunas, club saunas and some family saunas. Permanent furnaces, often steel ones, with the right power selection create the climate conditions of the Russian steam bath in a record short time. According to Y. M. Khoshev, “Theory of Baths”: “... steel furnaces with a closed insulated heater make it possible to realize both the steam mode of the bath (typical for solid brick stoves) and the“ dry sauna ”mode, which greatly expands the possibilities of the bath." Recent developments in steel furnaces have in their construction a built-in steel steam generator, which can significantly increase the quantity and quality of steam, after which the steel furnace is now able to maintain the microclimate of the steam bath for a long time.

Classification of bath stoves by type of fuel:

1. Wood burning
2. Pellet
3. Gas
4. Electric
5. Combined

• Dal V.I. “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. In 4 volumes "- M. Russian language 1989
• Selivan V.V., Ryzhenko V.I. Brick stove-heaters - Publisher: Onyks, 2007
• Khoshev Yu.M. Theory of baths. Textbook - M. Book and Business CJSC, 2006