Rūdninku Street ( lit. Rūdninkų gatvė ) is a street in the Old Town of Vilnius . It connects Dijøyi and Rothushes Square (Town Hall Square) with Pilimo Street . The street is about 350 m. There is a cycle path on the street. The numbering of houses starts from the intersection with the street Didzhoyi (Rothushes Square); on the left south-east side there are even numbers, on the right north-west side - odd numbers. There are 22 houses on the street, and most of them are located on the even side, because the ruins of houses damaged during World War II , on the northwestern side of the street were demolished at the beginning and the Palace of Art Exhibitions was built in their place, and a part of the adjacent after the war, the buildings were demolished for sanitary reasons and in its place was a square between the streets of Messina and Rudninka [1] .
| Rudninku | |
|---|---|
| lit. Rudninkų gatvė | |
| general information | |
| A country |  Lithuania |
| Region | Vilnius district |
| City | Vilnius |
| Area | Sänyuniya ( Starostvo ) Sänamestis |
| Historic District | Old city |
| Length | 350 m |
| Former names | Rudnicka, Rudnitskaya |
| Postcode | LT-01135, LT-01306 |
From the north-west side, Disnos Street ( Dysnos g. ), Connecting Rudninku Street with Mesinho Street, comes out to the street. Closer to Pilimo Rudninku street, it crosses Visu Šventau street ( Visų Šventųjų g. ), The continuation of which is called Ligonines ( Ligoninės g. ).
The plot of Max Fry ’s story “M. Rūdninkų g.) Is tied to Rudninku Street. Dreamcatcher "from the first volume of" Tales of the Old Vilnius " [2]
History
From the 16th century , the street leading from the Town Hall to the city wall was called Rudnitskaya ( ulica Rudnicka ), since it passed along the old path from the city’s shopping center to Rudnitskaya Pushcha with the princely zoo and palace built in 1470 by Casimir Jagiellon . When the city was surrounded by a defensive wall erected in 1503–1522, a large Rudnitsky gate with a tower was erected at the entrance along the Rudnitsky highway. In the 17th and 18th centuries, kings, voivods, and bishops entered the city through the Rudnitsky gate, which in such cases was richly decorated [3] . At the beginning of the XIX century, the wall and gates were dismantled. At the intersection of Rudninku street and Pilimo street there is a fragment of the city wall, a Gothic masonry, about 40 m long. [4]
During World War II, the neighborhoods adjacent to Rudninku Street were part of the Great Jewish Ghetto , whose borders were Pilimo, Lidos, Vokeciu , Arklu and Carmelita [5] .
Five old houses on the right northwest side of the street suffered during World War II. In their place was built the Palace of Art Exhibitions (now the Center for Contemporary Art) with an adjoining courtyard with an exhibition of sculptures (designed by architect Vytautas Čekanauskas ). Seven buildings between the streets Ashmyanos and Ligonines, among which was the house that once belonged to the burrowmaster Zeidler, and the house owned by Patsam , were not damaged during the war, but were demolished for sanitary reasons [1] . In their place is a park.
Notable buildings
The street runs in the old part of the city, has long been densely built. Most of the surviving buildings of the old buildings. Some buildings are historical and architectural monuments.
Rudninku 8
The three-storey house at Rudninku 8 ( Rūdninkų g. 8 , before the war Rudnitskaya 6) is part of the Oginsky Palace complex (small building; the main building faces Arkliu street). The facade from the street with forms, transitional from baroque to classicism . The surface of the wall is diversified by quadrangular niches of darker plaster with rounded corners, vertical between windows, and horizontal under windowsills. The courtyard is decorated with a ground floor arcade and the roof of the western wing . Many rooms on the ground floor have kept the classic vaults. Under the building preserved Gothic cellars.
The building was erected in 1768 - 1771 by the great marshal of the great Lithuanian , later Vilna kastelyan Ignacy Oginsky . During the construction, the houses that were previously standing on this site were included in the building.
At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, the building was rebuilt and extended to the side of the courtyard; from the east and west sides of the courtyard, economic structures were erected At the end of the 19th century, two floors were completed over the outbuildings, an arched gallery in the courtyard and part of the niches of the main facade were bricked up, the staircase was rebuilt. [6]
In the period between the two world wars, various Jewish organizations were located in this building. In 1918 - 1941, a real Jewish gymnasium operated here, in which one of the teachers was the famous poet Moses Kulbak . In 1925–1941, the Jewish Musical Institute was located in this building, during which an opera ensemble and two symphonic orchestras operated - an adult and a children's one. During the war, the Judenrat, the Jewish council of the ghetto, was located in the building of the former real gymnasium [7]
In 1977 - 1980, the building was partially restored by the project of the architect Audronis Katilius : the old plan of the building was partially restored, the courtyard arcade was opened, the vaults were fortified. According to the project of the architect Nina Masaitene, the building was equipped with a bookstore and apartments. In the three-storey building of the Oginsky Palace, facing the courtyard, the Pranas Gudinas Restoration Center of the Lithuanian Art Museum (settled in 1978) was designed by architect Zita Vanaguite [6] )
House Freza
Monument of archeology and architecture, protected by the state, is the Mill House, a tiled dwelling house at number 10 ( Rūdninkų g. 10 ; code in the Register of Cultural Values of the Republic of Lithuania 758 [8] ). This is a two-story building with features of Renaissance and Baroque styles, with fragments of Gothic masonry in the basement. Here in the first half of the XVI century there was a house. It is assumed that in his basement was a trading shop. After the fire of 1655 the house was repaired. In 1667 it belonged to the philistine K. Frez, from 1677 - to his heirs, and later was sold to Yuzef Zhagevich. At the end of the XVII century the building was rebuilt and expanded, the second floor was erected. In 1719, the house belonged to the Vilna burmister, Benedict Botsevich, and around 1790, to the clerk of the Vilnius castle Kozel. At his disposal, the vaults of the entrance to the courtyard were decorated with shades. In 1976, architectural studies of the house were carried out and recommendations for its reconstruction were prepared. In 1977-1980, the building was restored. The house stands out among the surrounding buildings with its small size and composition of the main facade. Five windows of the second floor are located in two groups connected by a broken bas-relief window sill. [9]
Snout House
Residential building number 14 ( Rūdninkųg. 14 ) is protected by the state, the structure and appearance of which combine the features of Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism and Historicism; code in the Register of Cultural Property of the Republic of Lithuania 1091 [10] ). The two-storeyed house together with the neighboring Rudziansky house at number 16 surrounds two courtyards connected by an arched passage; the first courtyard leads to the street. The house is tiled. The facade is devoid of decor. Its only decoration is a balcony with forms in the style of classicism, decorated with metal bars and a wreath. The house was built at the end of the XVI - beginning of the XVII century. In the documents, the house was first mentioned in 1622. Until 1670, it belonged to Nikolai Ryla and in the second half of the 17th century was called the home of the snout. During the Baroque period the building was reconstructed: it was extended along Rudnitskaya street, the entrance to the courtyard was arranged. The house was damaged in the fire of 1749, after which it was partly reconstructed. In 1760 the house was purchased by Bishop Proshinsky. In 1780, the building was inherited by his son, Adjutant General S. Proshinsky. In 1790-1806, the south-western part of the building was expanded deep into the courtyard, a new extension was erected, and another courtyard was formed. In the first half of the XIX century a balcony was equipped. In the 1970s, the house was reconstructed and adapted to the apartments and beer restaurant "Rūdninkų" [11] .
Rudzian House
The Rudzianski House (Rūdninkųg . 14 ) is a building of Gothic, Baroque, Classicism and Historic periods with preserved Gothic basements and fragments of the ground floor interior, included in the Register of Cultural Values of the Republic of Lithuania, code 1092 [12] .
The main facade along the street. The foundation is made of stones and bricks, basements and brick walls; the walls are covered with plaster. The roof is tiled. The facade finish is stingy. The windows of each of the three floors of different proportions. Regarding the decor, the third floor is somewhat distinguished with a frame around the windows and two balconies on the sides.
In this area in the XVI century there was a small gothic house on one floor. In the 17th century, the house belonged to the Rudzian family and was expanded. In the second half of the XVII century - the beginning of the XVIII century, a new two-storey southern building was erected and connected to the old building. On both sides of the entrance were opened on the tavern and trading shop. During the XIX century, the building was reconstructed and rebuilt. In 1977 a major overhaul was carried out. The restored basements were connected to the basements of the neighboring house and were adapted to the beer restaurant „Rūdninkų“ [13]
Catholic church of All Saints
At the corner of Rudninku street and Visu Sventoi, there is a baroque church of All Saints ( Rūdninkųg. 20 / Visų Šventųjų g 1 ) with the adjacent ensemble of Carmelite monastery and novitiate . The temple was built in 1620 - 1630 by the efforts of the bare Carmelites and at the expense of the royal secretary Wojciech Khludzinsky. In the forms of the main facade, the influence of the early Baroque reckless churches in Rome is clearly visible. In case of fire in 1655, the church suffered, but was quickly restored. In 1743, a high late Baroque bell tower was erected on the site of the former turret near the northeast corner. At the same time, the pyramidal turret of the north-eastern corner of the temple was dismantled.
In 1787, a high altar and a staircase leading to it were built near the wall of the apse by the architect Martin Knacfus . In 1823, the church was renewed. In 1859, the interior of the church was re-decorated: the altars were decorated with artificial marble and painted in rich colors, the capitals and wings of the sculptures of angels were silver plated and gilded. During the repair in 1902 - 1904, a rich painting of walls and vaults was painted over. In 1948, the church was closed by the Soviet authorities and was used as a warehouse for groceries . After the restoration works carried out in 1967-1975 under the direction of architect Aldona Shvabauskene , the Museum of Lithuanian Folk Art (the folk art department of the Lithuanian Art Museum ) operated in the church since 1975 . [14]
Since 1991, the church operates. The ensemble of the Carmelite monastery, which includes the Church of All Saints, a bell tower and two monastic buildings, is an object of cultural heritage of national importance and is protected by the state (code 815 in the Register of Cultural Values of the Republic of Lithuania [15]
House number 13 belonged to the Church of All Saints. The neighboring house ( Rūdninkų g. 15 ) belonged first to the blacksmith shop and then to the missionary church. The last house on this side of the street ( Rūdninkų g. 16 / Pylimo g. 8 ) was built outside the city wall already at the beginning of the XIX century. The house, standing on the opposite side of the street, with a pediment decorated with stucco molding, belonged to the Church of All Saints [16]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Drėma, 1991 , p. 205–206.
- ↑ Max Fry. Stiklių g. Street. Carlson, who // Tales of the old Vilnius. - St. Petersburg: Amfora, 2012. - T. 1. - p. 261-273. - 384 s. - 11,052 copies - ISBN 978-5-367-02220-9 .
- ↑ Drėma, 1991 , p. 139.
- ↑ Levandauskas, Vytautas. Vilniaus gynybinės sienos liekanos // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988. - Vol. 1: Vilnius. - p. 41. - 592 s. - 25 000 copies (lit.)
- ↑ Lithuanian Jerusalem, 1992 , p. 24
- ↑ 1 2 LDM Prano Gudyno restauravimo centro pastatai (lit.) (unavailable link - history ) . Prano Gudyno restauravimo centras . Lietuvos dailės muziejus. The appeal date is February 5, 2015.
- ↑ Lithuanian Jerusalem, 1992 , p. 25-26.
- ↑ Namas (lit.) . Kultūros vertybių registras . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. The appeal date is February 5, 2015.
- ↑ Čerbulėnas, Klemensas. Frezo namas // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988. - Vol. 1: Vilnius. - p. 431. - 592 p. - 25 000 copies (lit.)
- ↑ Namas (lit.) . Kultūros vertybių registras . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. The appeal date is February 5, 2015.
- ↑ Levandauskas, Vytautas. Gyvenamasis namas // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988. - Vol. 1: Vilnius. - p. 431-432. - 592 s. - 25 000 copies (lit.)
- ↑ Namas (lit.) . Kultūros vertybių registras . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. The appeal date is February 5, 2015.
- ↑ Levandauskas, Vytautas. Rudzianskių namas // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988. - Vol. 1: Vilnius. - p. 432-433. - 592 s. - 25 000 copies (lit.)
- ↑ Čerbulėnas, Klemensas; Ramonienė, Dalia. Visų Šventųjų bažnyčios ir karmelitų vienuolyno ansamblis // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988. - Vol. 1: Vilnius. - p. 433-435. - 592 s. - 25 000 copies (lit.)
- ↑ Senosios regulos karmelitų vienuolyno ansamblis (lit.) . Kultūros vertybių registras . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. The appeal date is February 5, 2015.
- ↑ Drėma, 1991 , p. 206.
Literature
- Drėma, Vladas. Dingęs Vilnius. - Vilnius: Vaga, 1991. - pp. 325-327. - 404 s. - 40 000 copies - ISBN 5-415-00366-5 . (lit.)
- Agranovsky G., Guzenberg I. Lithuanian Jerusalem. Short guide to memorable places of Jewish history and culture in Vilnius. - Vilnius: Lituanus, 1992. - 3000 copies.
Links
- Rūdninkų gatvė Vilniuje (lit.) . Vilniaus katalogas . The appeal date is February 5, 2015.
- Rūdninkų Arklių g. (English) (inaccessible link) . International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment . The Baltic Inter-SAVE project in Vilnius (2000). The appeal date is February 5, 2015. Archived March 25, 2005.