Zelenogorsk ( Terioki , Terijoki until 1948 , from Fin. Terijoki - Resin River ) is a city in Russia, an inner-city municipality within the Kurortny district of the federal city of St. Petersburg [3] , a climatic resort on the northern shore of the Gulf of the Baltic Sea .
| City [1] | |||||
| Zelenogorsk | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| A country | |||||
| Subject of the federation | St. Petersburg | ||||
| Area | Resort | ||||
| History and geography | |||||
| Former names | until 1948 - Terioki | ||||
| City [1] s | 1946 | ||||
| Square | |||||
| Timezone | UTC + 3 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | ↗ 15 330 [2] people ( 2019 ) | ||||
| Katoykonim | greens, greens | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +7 812 | ||||
| Postcode | 197720 | ||||
| OKATO code | 40281509 | ||||
| OKTMO code | |||||
| zelenogorsk.spb.ru | |||||
| Historic Center of Monuments. Terioki (Zelenogorsk) (The historical center of St. Petersburg and related complexes of monuments. Terioki (Zelenogorsk)) | |||||
| Link | No. 540-025f in the list of World Heritage Sites ( en ) | ||||
| Criteria | i, ii, iv, vi | ||||
| Region | Europe and North America | ||||
| Turning on | 1990 ( 14th session ) | ||||
Zelenogorsk railway station is located at the 50th kilometer of the St. Petersburg ( Finland Station ) - Vyborg line [4] .
Physical-geographical characteristic
Relief and geology
The city stretches for 13 km along the northern coast of the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The natural landscape is formed by a forested ridge of dunes and hills, which is interrupted by river valleys and small lakes, ponds and stretches of naked moraine . It is surrounded by a sandy (“golden”) beach up to 160 m wide. Lake Symaginskoe with comfortable beaches is 12 km from Zelenogorsk [5] .
In the Paleozoic (300-400 million years ago), this whole territory was covered by the sea. Sedimentary deposits of that time - sand , sandy loam , clay with lenses of silt or peat - cover a thick (over 200 meters) thick crystalline basement consisting of granites , gneisses and diabases . The modern relief was formed as a result of the activity of glaciers (the last, Valdai glaciation was 12 thousand years ago). After the retreat of the glacier, the Litorina Sea was formed , the level of which was 7–9 m higher than the present. 4 thousand years ago, the sea retreated, and the shoals of the Gulf of Finland turned into islands. The valley is composed of glacial and post-glacial deposits. The last 2.5 thousand years, the relief has hardly changed [6] .
Climate
The climate of Zelenogorsk is temperate and humid, transitional from maritime to continental. Day length varies from 5 hours 51 minutes December 22 to 18 hours 50 minutes June 22. The city is characterized by frequent changes of air masses , due to the activity of cyclones that pass along the Gulf of Finland, which leads to great variability of weather, especially in autumn and winter. The winter is moderately mild, with a predominance of moderately frosty, mostly cloudy weather. Snow cover is established in the second half of November and lasts until mid-April. Spring is late and protracted. Summer is moderately warm, with the change of sunny and rainy days. Autumn is cloudy and foggy. Precipitations are about 650 mm per year, mostly in June - August. The average annual relative humidity of air is about 80%, the highest in December (90%). In the summer, westerly and northwesterly winds prevail, in winter westerly and southwesterly [5] [6] . The climate of Zelenogorsk is similar to the climate of nearby St. Petersburg. The Gulf of Finland, despite its shallow water, has some influence on the temperature regime of the city. In summer, especially in August-September, the average temperature here is slightly higher than in St. Petersburg (by 0.5–0.8 °), and in winter - lower (by 0.5–0.6 °). Somewhat stronger on the coast and winds [7] [8] .
Annual indicators of air temperature and precipitation [7] [9] :
| City climate | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan. | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sen | Oct. | Nov. | Dec | Year |
| Absolute Maximum, ° C | 8.6 | 10.2 | 14.9 | 25.3 | 30.9 | 34.6 | 35.3 | 37.1 | 30.4 | 21.0 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 35.3 |
| Average maximum, ° C | −2,3 | −1,4 | 4.1 | 9.2 | 16,1 | 20.5 | 22.2 | 20.6 | 14.6 | 8.5 | 1.8 | −0.7 | 9.4 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −6,1 | −6 | −1,4 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 15.8 | 18.1 | 16.4 | 11.0 | 5.6 | −0,1 | −3.9 | 5.4 |
| Average minimum, ° C | −7.9 | −7.7 | −2.9 | 1.6 | 7.1 | 11.9 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 8.0 | 3.7 | −2,1 | −5,5 | 2.8 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −35,9 | −35,2 | −29,9 | −21,8 | −6,6 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 1,3 | −3,1 | −12.9 | −22,2 | −34,4 | −35,9 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 40 | 31 | 35 | 33 | 38 | 64 | 78 | 77 | 67 | 65 | 56 | 49 | 633 |
Soils, vegetation and wildlife
Prior to the founding of the city, the territory was covered with coniferous forests ( pine and spruce ) mixed with broad-leaved species, as well as lowland swamps . Now in the area of the city there are large coniferous arrays ( spruce prevails), alternating with deciduous groves ( birch , alder , aspen , willow ). Sandy, peaty loamy and clayey peaty podzols are dominated by illuvial-humus soils [10] .
In the vicinity of the city sometimes there are fox and muskrat . The city has a large number of birds , reptiles and invertebrates [11] .
Spa Factors
Pure sea air, spruce forest air saturated with coniferous aroma, sea bathing, sandy beaches are favorable for climate and thalassotherapy for diseases of the circulatory organs, respiration , and the nervous system . Coniferous forests, sand hills and dunes create a natural barrier to the winds and provide shade, which allows for helio- and aerotherapy on the beaches. Deep warming of the sand in the area of the dunes makes it possible to hold sand baths. The flat seabed forms a sandy shallow water for several tens and even hundreds of meters, convenient for bathing children. The swimming season is from mid-June to late August (the average water temperature in July is +19.3 ° C) [5] .
| Primorskoye highway | The Gulf of Finland | Golden beach | New Yacht Club |
Population
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1897 [12] | 1939 [13] | 1959 [14] | 1970 [15] | 1979 [16] | 1989 [17] | 2002 [18] |
| 2980 | ↗ 6700 | ↗ 12,527 | ↗ 16,206 | ↘ 12,044 | ↗ 13,032 | ↘ 12,074 |
| 2010 [19] | 2012 [20] | 2013 [21] | 2014 [22] | 2015 [23] | 2016 [24] | 2017 [25] |
| ↗ 14,958 | ↗ 15,124 | ↘ 14,510 | ↗ 14,524 | ↗ 14,776 | ↗ 14,968 | ↗ 15,136 |
| 2018 [26] | 2019 [2] | |||||
| ↗ 15,292 | ↗ 15 330 | |||||
History
Swedish period (until 1721)
The small fishing village of Terioki ( Swede. Terijoki , from distorted Finnish. Tervajoki - Resin River ) at the confluence of the Pearl Creek (Pearl River) into the Gulf of Finland has been known since the 18th century . In written sources, the settlement was first mentioned in 1548 in connection with the decree of the Swedish king Gustav Vasa about the execution of several local smugglers . Among those executed was a certain Antti from Teriok [27] . In the 16th century, the village of Terioki, consisting of three taxable peasant households, belonged to the Uusikirkko parish. In the first half of the seventeenth century there were 29 courtyards in Terioki [28] .
Russian period (1721–1918)
In 1721 , after the signing of the Nystadt Peace , which ended the Northern War , the lands of Old Finland , where Terioki was located, were ceded to the Russian Empire and were incorporated into the Vyborg gubernia [29] . A post road to Vyborg passed through the settlement.
In 1848, Terioki had 36 yards and a small soap factory, which was serviced by four workers. In 1870 , after the opening of the Finnish railway and the construction of the first wooden railway station, numerous summer cottages began to appear in these places. The village grew rapidly, in the summer its population reached 10 thousand people. Many St. Petersburgers acquired land here and settled for the whole year.
In 1880, the first wooden Orthodox church was built in the village. In 1882, the first one-year Finnish school was opened in the village, in 1886 the first Russian school for 20 children, in 1907 the Finnish five-year school of co-education of boys and girls. In 1897, 2979 people lived in the Terioki area, including 40% of Russians . At the beginning of the 20th century, Terioki was the largest holiday village on the coast of the Gulf of Finland with a population of up to 3,500 inhabitants, and in the summertime up to 55,000 summer residents arrived here. By 1908, there were 1,400 villas in the village of Terioki only. It consisted of four parts: Keskikyulya ( Fin. Keskikylä - Central Village), Kekosenpyaa ( Fin. Kekosenpää - hill / hill Kekkonen) Ollinpyaa ( Fin. Ollinpää - hill / hill Ollie) and Ryallyalya ( Fin. Rällälä - reveler, reveler) or Koivikko ( fin. Koivikko - Bereznyak ). The largest number of shops, shops, workshops and municipal institutions was concentrated in the Central Village. All temples were also located on its territory. To the east of Keskikylä, along the coast, was the Ollinpää holiday area, and to the west of the Central Village, Kekosenpää. To the north of the railway line housed a small cottage area Ryallalya. The first inhabitants of this town were the builders of the railway, and then the railway employees lived there [28] .
| The first wooden Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God . Photo of the 1900s | Celebration in honor of summing up the roof of the Lutheran Church of the Transfiguration . Photo 1908 | Photos of the 1910s | Lutheran Church of the Transfiguration . Photos of the 1910s |
During the Revolution of 1905-1907, the safe houses of the Central Committee of the RSDLP and other revolutionary parties and groups were located here, their conferences and meetings were held [30] . Here were the transshipment bases of prohibited literature and weapons. One of these safe houses was located in the house of Wotinen (not preserved, now the plot at Primorskoye shosse, 51). V.I. Lenin often visited this apartment, he held several meetings and conferences in it [31] .
In 1907 in Terioki there were 1,400 villas, 44 streets. In 1912, electricity was conducted here. In the summer came 55 thousand summer residents. Permanent residents - 5 thousand people. The bulk of the owners and tenants of dachas at the turn of the XIX — XX centuries were merchants, industrialists, wealthy nobility and officials from St. Petersburg, the capital intelligentsia. Admiral S. O. Makarov , writers L. N. Andreev , V. V. Veresaev , N. G. Garin-Mikhailovsky , M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin settled on the Black River, scientists I. P. Pavlov , D. And Mendeleev , PF Lesgaft , director V.E. Meyerhold , poet A.A. Blok with his wife Lyubov Dmitrievna. The artist V. A. Serov lived in the village of Ino. They came: M. Gorky , A. I. Kuprin , A. S. Serafimovich , S. G. Skitalets , K. I. Chukovsky [32] .
In 1907-1908, a stone Evangelical Lutheran church , consecrated in 1908, was built by architect Josef Stenbeck . In 1910, the Terioksky community separated from Kivennapa and became independent. In 1911, there was one doctor at the Terioksky parish and a maternity shelter for two beds. The area of arrival is 46 square meters. km, along the Gulf of Finland 15 km wide, up to 5 km. The structure included the villages of Ollila , Kuokkala , Kellomyaki with a population of 19 thousand people. In 1910–1915, a new stone building of the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built by architect N. N. Nikonov (instead of the wooden one that burnt down in 1907 ). In 1913, a post office , a telegraph office , a telephone station were opened, electricity appeared, 84 Russian and Finnish stores and shops were traded. Terioki was connected with St. Petersburg by a railway. During the day there were 10 trains. In 1917, a kilometer from the old wooden railway station built a large stone railway station, designed by Finnish architect Bruno Granholm .
| Photos of the 1910s | The first wooden railway station. Photos of the 1910s | Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God . Photo 1915 | Gulf of Finland . Photo 1915 |
Finnish period (1918–1940)
In mid-May 1918, as a result of the First Soviet-Finnish War, Terioki was ceded to Finland . As a result of the Tartu Peace Treaty on March 14, 1920, the border between the RSFSR and Finland was fixed along the Sestra River [29] .
During the Civil War of 1918–22, British torpedo boats and seaplanes based in Kronstadt raided the town’s harbor [30] .
In the 1930s, the Finnish state began to assist in the revival of the resort area on the Terioksky coast. Many Russian cottages were then restored and reconstructed under the boarding houses. Soon, the resort of Terioki again gained popularity not only in Finland, but also in the northern countries. By 1939, in the Central Village (Keskikylä) there were more than 100 landowners who had their own houses. There were also numerous public buildings: a library, a publishing house, a police station, a post office, a casino, 2 banks, 7 hotels, 3 educational institutions, 2 hospitals, 2 pharmacies, a stadium, the House of Workers' Union, the House of Women’s Union and an officer’s meeting. In Ollinpää there were 130 owners, 3 shops, a restaurant, a hotel and a school. Kokokosenpää had the same number of personal estates, 4 shops and a school with a teacher’s residence. In Koivikko there were about 140 sites, Russian and Finnish schools, a hospital, a pharmacy, 6 stores, a caramel factory and a hotel [28] .
After 1918, Finnish cultural figures Kersti Bergrot , Mika Valtari , Rupert Heinulainen , Eino Leino were in Terioki [33] .
During the Soviet-Finnish (Winter) War in Terioki, in the officer's building (the current Ispolkomskaya street, 6) was located the "Terioksky government" headed by O.V. Kuusinen .
As a result of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. The Terioks, together with the entire Karelian Isthmus, were removed by the USSR. The new frontier was secured by the Moscow Treaty of March 12, 1940 [29] . During this war, the local population left for Finland, the settlement was completely destroyed and from 1940 began to be settled by settlers from different regions of the USSR [30] .
In 1947, after the Vyborg gubernia, under the Paris Peace Treaty, became part of the Soviet Union, the Finnish volost of Terioki ceased to exist, Terioki Foundation was established (Teri-Säätiö). Terijoki-Seura Society (Terijoki-Seura) is a communication forum for former residents of Terioka and their heirs.
Soviet period (1940–1989)
On May 25, 1940, a decision was taken by the Council of People 's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) to organize a sanatorium and resort zone on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, with special funds allocated for this. On May 21, 1941, 29 organizations operated in Terioki, where 2,600 people worked. 3 rest houses and a sanatorium were also opened.
During the Great Patriotic War from August 31, 1941 to June 11, 1944, the city was under the control of the Finns. The USSR established control over the city on June 11, 1944 during the Vyborg operation [29] . In May 1944 the Lutheran Evangelical Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was closed.
On June 28, 1946, the Central Committee of the CPSU decided to restore the economy of the Karelian Isthmus. A resort area with the center in Zelenogorsk from Solnechnyy to Smolyachkov , renamed in 1948, is being created . The first passenger train went once a day, the engine pulled 3 cars in three hours. In 1950, opened a new station building on the project architect. A. N. Grechaninov [32] .
By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of October 22 and by the decision of the Leningrad Executive Committee of November 4, 1946, Teriokam was given city status . In 1948, it received its modern name - Zelenogorsk.
In 1951, the first electric train passed, the building of the 445th school was built according to the project of architect. A.A. Afonchenko over the Komsomolsky Square with a wide cascade staircase and a view of the expanse of the Gulf of Finland. In 1965, Zelenogorsk received a new master plan, the author of which was the architect N. I. Buldakov [34] . On June 8, 1969, a monument to V.I. Lenin was opened in the center of the square (sculptors V.Ya. Bogolyubov and V.I. Ingal, architect B.N. Zhuravlev ; the sculpture was moved here from the Middle Slingshot , where it stood from 1951 to 1968 ; in the square in front of the school number 445 until 1956 there was a concrete figure of Stalin [35] .
On August 30, 1988, the Orthodox community of Zelenogorsk was officially registered, requesting the transfer of the Kazan Church to it . The request was granted by the Executive Committee of the Lensovet on June 5, 1989 [32] .
The Modern Period (since 1989)
In 1989, Zelenogorsk district was established with settlements from Repino to Smolyachkovo , Sosnovoy Polyana, Sopki and Reshetnikovo. The administrative center is the city of Zelenogorsk. On June 5, 1989, a decision was taken by the Executive Committee of the Lensovet on the transfer of the Orthodox Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God to believers.
In 1994, the Zelenogorsk district was abolished and incorporated into the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg . In 1997, Zelenogorsk received the status of a separate city municipality as part of a unified Kurortny district [36] .
In 1998, the Lutheran Church was returned to believers - the Church of Ingria . In 2001–2002, the building of the church was completely renovated by the architect A.V. Vasilyev and the engineer E.M. Grishina, with the reconstruction of the bell tower. On July 31, 2004, a monument to the Reconciliation was opened at the church, the work of sculptor Arsen Avetisyan . On July 26, 2008, in Zelenogorsk Park, a monument to G.Vitsin, a People's Artist of Zelenogorsk, was unveiled (sculptor Y. Kryakvin).
In 2008, a new yacht club and a psycho-neurological boarding school were opened in Zelenogorsk [37] .
Coat of arms and city flag
- The emblem of the city was approved on July 11, 2000 by the Decree of the Municipal Council of the Moscow “City of Zelenogorsk” No. 28:
In gold, green, burdened with flying to the right, with raised and spreading wings, a silver gull and a head thrice sprung up with a spruce paw and an azure, jagged tip, from which a silver bezant arises [38] .
The emblem, which is often mistakenly identified with the emblem of the city, was created in Finland for people living in this country from Terioka (from 1917-1939 the city was part of Finland) [38] .
- The flag was approved on July 11, 2000 by the Decree No. 28 of the Municipal Council of Zelenogorsk municipal district:
The rectangular panel, divided horizontally into three equal stripes - green with a white gull, yellow-golden with a white semicircle and blue; the first lane is supplemented with six spruce paws, the third with nine waves located against the second lane [39] .
Authorities
The modern local government body, the Municipal Council , has been functioning since 1998 . As a result of the elections on September 19, 2014, a new composition of the V convocation was elected (out of 10 deputies - 4 from “ United Russia ”) [40] . The head of the municipality (who exercises the powers of the chairman of the Municipal Council and is the highest official of the municipality); Executive body of the municipality - Local administration [41] .
The chairman of the municipal council of the municipal entity of the city of Zelenogorsk is Semenov Boris Anatolyevich. Head of the local administration of the city of Zelenogorsk - Igor Anatolyevich Dolgikh.
Architecture and Landmarks
- The Bel-Vu Hotel (1874, Teatralnaya Street, 9) is a two-story house of original architecture, the oldest hotel in the city. Nowadays, a workshop of Zelenogorsk artists and a children's art school are located here.
- Cottage Muzera (Teatralnaya Street) - a large wooden building, which preserved fireplaces and stoves of high artistic value. In the Soviet period, the Zelenogorsk city council was located here for a long time, the building has been empty for the last few years.
- The former villa “Ainola” (the beginning of the 20th century, Primorskoye Highway, 521) is a wooden mansion with a pond, a dam and a small waterfall. In 1939, O.V. Kuusinen , the chairman of the “government” of the “Finnish Democratic Republic”, lived in this mansion. After the war, the building first housed a hotel, and then the city administration.
- The Lutheran Church of the Transfiguration (1907-1908, architect Joseph Stenbeck , Lenin Avenue, 13) is a functioning Lutheran church under the jurisdiction of the bishops of the Church of Ingria . When Kirche there is a small Finnish cemetery.
- The former Novikov mansion (beginning of the 20th century, Ispolkomskaya street, 6) is a house with a park where the government of Finland was formed during the Finnish War of 1939 . Currently in ruins.
| Cottage Musier, Belle Vue | Villa Ainola | Lutheran Church | Former Novikov Mansion |
- The Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God (1910–1915, architect N. N. Nikonov , Primorskoye Highway, 547) is a functioning Orthodox multi-headed church, built on a dais in the Moscow- Suzdal style of the 16th century .
- The railway station (1917, architect Bruno Granholm , rebuilt 1950, architect A. A. Grechannikov) is a stone building in the style of national romanticism .
- School number 445 (1951, architect A. A. Afonchenko, Lenin Avenue, 2) is a building in the “Stalinist” style, with a wide stone staircase, ending with a viewing platform, which offers a wonderful view of the park and the Gulf of Finland [43] .
- Monument to Raymonde Dien (1957, sculptor Ts. I. Diveeva , architect V. D. Kirhoglani , Primorskoye Highway) - a sculpture dedicated to a French Communist protesting against the war in Indochina [44] .
- Monument to V.I. Lenin (1969, sculptors V.Ya. Bogolyubov , V.I. Ingal , architect B.N. Zhuravlev )
- The common grave of soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War (1985, Primorskoye Highway, 59th km) - the architectural and artistic concept is described by the authors [45] as follows:
Slabs of stone mosaics on irrationally placed strict volumes of granite. Their plots are devoid of the usual pomp: eternal change of seasons, eternal sleep of the fallen [46] . - Monument to Reconciliation (2004, sculptor A. A. Avetisyan , Lenin Avenue, 13) - opened on July 26, 2004, on City Day near the church [47]
- Monument to George Vitsin (2008, sculptor Yu. D. Kryakvin , Central Park of Culture and Rest) - the sculpture depicts an actor in the role of Balzaminov from the movie “The Marriage of Balzaminov” . Next to it, it is planned to install sculptures and other participants of the legendary trio - Yuri Nikulin in the clown incarnation and Yevgeny Morgunov in the form of Byvaliy [48] .
- Alley in memory of teachers Sheinisov (11 Krasnoarmeyskaya Street) is an alley located in front of the school building No. 450. It was opened in 2002 with the participation of the Zelenogorsk Municipal Council [49] .
- Zelenogorsk recreation park .
- Small urban sculpture: “Grandma's chair” , “Dachshund” , “Bread” , “Reading ant” , “Woman with children” , “Tree of happiness” , “Summer resident's boots” .
- City fountains: in ZPKiO , “Ude Girl” , “Golden Bowl” , “Dandelion” , “Dolphins” (near the station).
| Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God | Mass grave of soldiers of the Soviet army, killed during the Great Patriotic War | Monument of Reconciliation at the Church | Monument to George Vitsinu |
City Planning
Description of city boundaries
The boundary of the municipal formation of the city of Zelenogorsk in the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg runs: from the water's edge of the shore of the Gulf on the axis of the Ushkovsky stream to the Primorsky highway, then along the axis of the Primorsky highway to the east to Detsky lane, then on the axis of the Children’s lane to Tikhaya street, then along the axis of Tikhaya preview 2050 m before the intersection with the forest road, then east on road axis timber, skirting gardening "Veteran" to fire pit, further along said pit axis to the north side rail Viborg d retraction direction strip horns, further 400 m northwest on the north side of the ROW Viborg direction of the railway to forest clearing between blocks 159 and 160 Youth forestry, further north on the west side blocks 160, 149 and 137 Youth forestry to highway Serovo - Lights , more 240 m to the east along the axis of the Serovo-Ogonyki highway to a forest clearing between quarters 124 and 125 of the Youth forestry, further north along the western side of the 125 and 114 districts of the Youth forestry to the border with the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region .
Then the border goes along the northern border of the 114, 115 Youth Forestry quarters, along the western and northern borders of the concrete products plant, then to the east 400 m along the northern side of the projected street of the Reshetnikovo village, further to the northeast of 600 meters along the power line, then rounds the existing construction of the settlement of Reshetnikovo from the north, east and south, then goes to the south-east along the border of the lands of the Academy of municipal services "Niva" and along the border of quarters 117, 118 of the Youth forestry, then goes to the north, north-west d between the blocks 108, 104, 100 of forest lands and communal services of the Academy of "Niva", skirting the forest
Quarter 100 from the north, goes east along the border between the forest quarters 101, 102, 103 and the territory of the Roshchinsky pilot forestry enterprise. After that, the border turns to the south-east and goes along the northern side of the local road to the Zelenogorsk- Vyborg highway, 250 meters to the local highway along its eastern side and goes along it to the eastern border of the 5th Komarovsky forest district . After the border goes to the south-west along the western side of quarters 6 and 12 of the Komarovsky forest district to Shchuchy Lake , then along the water edge of the western and southern shores of Shchuchy Lake up to a glade, further south-west along the western side of quarters 21, 35, 47 and 57 Komarovsky forest to the north side of the ROW Vyborg direction of the railway, further to the east of 160 m on the northern side of the ROW Vyborg direction of the railway, further to the south-west along a forest road to the axis of the Primorsky highway, then, crossing Seaside highway , south of In western boundary block 63 Kamarouski forest to the Gulf of Finland, further on the water's edge shore Gulf to Ushki stream [41] . Also, since 2011, the territory of the residential town of Krasavitsa, located near the military unit 03216 and Bolshoi Simaginsky Lake, has been included in the structure of the Municipal Formation of the city of Zelenogorsk.
Layout
Zelenogorsk city stretches along the coast of the Gulf of Finland . The transit highway Primorskoye (Nizhnee) Highway passes from east to west 300–500 meters from the coast (until the 1940s Kuokkalantie — Finn. Kuokkalantie — Kuokkal Road ). To the east it leads to Sestroretsk and St. Petersburg , to the west - to the A123 and A125 highways leading to Vyborg and the state border of the Russian Federation with Finland . В том же направлении на севере города проходит железная дорога Санкт-Петербург — Выборг. Южнее железной дороги проходит Зеленогорское (Верхнее) шоссе, идущее на восток в сторону Сестрорецка и Санкт-Петербурга мимо прибрежных посёлков. От Приморского шоссе и Финского залива на север проходит центральная магистраль города — проспект Ленина (до 1940-х годов Виертотие — фин. Viertotie — Подсечная дорога ). Проспект выходит за пределы города и ведёт к магистралям А120 , А122 и М10 (Е-18 «Скандинавия»).
Economy
В Зеленогорске отсутствует промышленность. В то же время здесь развита сеть торговли и общественного питания: в городе имеются два торговых центра, продовольственный и вещевой рынки, другие продовольственные и промтоварные магазины, аптеки, рестораны, кафе.
Имеется развитая сеть социальных автобусов (12 маршрутов) и коммерческих маршрутных такси (9 маршрутов).
Пригородные маршруты соединяют город Зеленогорск с Санкт-Петербургом (станции метро « Чёрная речка », « Старая Деревня », « Площадь Ленина », « Проспект Просвещения », « Гражданский проспект »), Сестрорецком и другими населёнными пунктами Курортного района .
Через Зеленогорск проходит железнодорожная линия Санкт-Петербург ( Финляндский вокзал ) — Выборг . В городе одна железнодорожная станция — Зеленогорск [50] .
Входит в зону покрытия всех основных операторов сотовой связи региона [51] .
Social Sector
Учреждения культуры и образования
В городе работают: филиал сестрорецкой Центральной библиотеки имени М. М. Зощенко, филиал Детской районной библиотеки, Зеленогорский дом детского творчества [51] .
Среди учреждений образования: 2 средние общеобразовательные школы , 2 детских сада , детская школа искусств № 13, школа-интернат № 69 для детей с ограниченными возможностями, воскресная школа евангелическо-лютеранского прихода церкви Преображения Христова, воскресная школа храма иконы Казанской Божией Матери [51] .
Рекреационные учреждения
В городе 19 учреждений рекреационного обслуживания: санаторий «Северная Ривьера», спа-отель «Аквамарин», санаторий «Балтийский берег» , база отдыха «Волна», база однодневного отдыха, военный санаторий ЛенВО , детские санатории (бывшие загородные пионерские лагеря) «Зорька», «Ласточка», «Звёздочка», «Чайка», детский психоневрологический санаторий «Пионер», пансионаты «Морской прибой», «Белое солнце», «АЭП», «Ленинградец», дома отдыха «Архитектор», «Чародейка», «Зеленогорск», «Энергетик», «Ленвест», лыжная база «Прибой-Двигатель», гостиница «Гелиос Отель» [51] .
| Санаторий «Балтийский берег» | Детский санаторий «Зорька» | Детский психоневрологический санаторий «Пионер» | Дом отдыха «Архитектор» |
Здравоохранение и спорт
В настоящее время в Зеленогорске работают следующие медицинские учреждения: больница № 41, поликлиника № 69, а также большое количество частных медицинских учреждений разного профиля.
В городе работает Детско-юношеская спортивная школа по футболу и лыжам [51] .
Архитекторы города
- Юрьё Садениеми ( fi:Yrjö Sadeniemi ; 1869—1951). Автор здания полиции ( Чертежи ). Также был автором нескольких церквей в Финляндии. Из сохранившихся зданий на Карельском перешейке — здание лицея в Приозерске.
Notes
- ↑ город Зеленогорск является внутригородским муниципальным образованием Санкт-Петербурга
- ↑ 1 2 The number of resident population in the context of municipalities of St. Petersburg as of January 1, 2019 . The appeal date is April 27, 2019.
- ↑ О территориальном устройстве Санкт-Петербурга (с изменениями на 15 октября 2015 года) .
- ↑ С.-Петербург-Фин. — Выборг
- ↑ 1 2 3 Курорты. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Главный редактор Е. И. Чазов. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983.
- ↑ 1 2 Даринский А. В. География Ленинграда. — Л. : Лениздат, 1982. — С. 12-18.
- ↑ 1 2 Даринский А. В. География Ленинграда. — Л. : Лениздат, 1982. — С. 21-29.
- ↑ Метеорологическая карта // Атлас Ленинградской области. — М. : ГУГК при СМ СССР, 1967. — С. 20-23.
- ↑ Погода и климат
- ↑ Даринский А. В. География Ленинграда. — Л. : Лениздат, 1982. — С. 45-49.
- ↑ Охотничье-промысловые звери, птицы и рыбы // Атлас Ленинградской области. — М. : ГУГК при СМ СССР, 1967. — С. 36-37.
- ↑ ТЕРИЙОКИ — Terijoki
- ↑ Балашов Е. А. Карельский перешеек. Земля неизведанная. Краеведческое издание. Геза Ком, 1996.
- All-Union census of the population in 1959 . Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ All-Union Population Census 1970 . Архивировано 24 августа 2011 года.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census . Архивировано 24 августа 2011 года.
- All-Union Population Census 1989. Urban population . Archived August 22, 2011.
- ↑ All-Russian census of 2002. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements — regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3,000 or more . Archived on February 3, 2012.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. St. Petersburg . The appeal date is August 14, 2014. Archived August 14, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated number of resident population on January 1, 2012 . The date of circulation is May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M .: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . The appeal date is November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Circulation date August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Circulation date August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). The date of circulation is July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . The appeal date was July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- ↑ Топонимическая энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга. СПб: Информационно-издательское агентство ЛИК, 2002.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Балашов Е. А. Карельский перешеек. Земля неизведанная. Краеведческое издание. Геза Ком, 1996.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Большая российская энциклопедия . Том «Россия». — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2004
- ↑ 1 2 3 Санкт-Петербург: Энциклопедия. — М.:Российская политическая энциклопедия. 2006.
- ↑ Ленинград: Путеводитель / С. М. Серпокрыл. — Л. : Лениздат, 1973.
- ↑ 1 2 3 О. М. Пышновская, Г. С. Усыскин. Зеленогорск. Л., 1978
- ↑ Пригороды Санкт-Петербурга. Questions and answers. СПб., 2005 г., с.344-346
- ↑ Булдаков Геннадий Никанорович . — Биографическая справка. Дата обращения 6 ноября 2011. Архивировано 24 января 2012 года.
- ↑ Мещанинов М. Лицом друг к другу. Как кочевали памятники вождям, установленные на Средней Рогатке // Санкт-Петербургские ведомости. — № 49 (1231). — 21.12.2012. — С. 6.
- ↑ 25 июля День Зеленогорска (последние выходные июля). Газета Вести Курортного района. № 15 июль 2009 года , с.1
- ↑ Итоги 2008 и задачи на 2009 год. Цифры и факты Архивная копия от 25 февраля 2010 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 Геральдика.ру. Герб Зеленогорска
- ↑ Геральдика.ру. Флаг Зеленогорска
- ↑ Итоги муниципальных выборов 2009 года
- ↑ 1 2 Устав МО Зеленогорск Архивная копия от 4 сентября 2009 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Газета «Вести Курортного района» № 38, октябрь 2008 года , с. 7
- ↑ Достопримечательности Териоки
- ↑ Подвиг Раймонды
- ↑ Архитектурно-художественное оформление: С. Н. Репин, О. Рунтова, В. В. Сухов, И. Г. Уралов, Н. П. Фомин, при участии Г. А. Васильева. Мозаики: С. Н. Репин, В. В. Сухов, И. Г. Уралов, Н. П. Фомин. Шрифтовые композиции: Т. Н. Милорадович, В. С. Васильковский. Мозаичный набор: мозаичная мастерская АХ СССР
- ↑ Надгробие павшим воинам в городе Зеленогорске на сайте «Группа ФОРУС»
- ↑ День города — 2004. Открытие памятника примирения
- ↑ «Бронзовые Вицин, Никулин и Моргунов появятся в Зеленогорске» (недоступная ссылка) « Деловой Петербург » ISSN 1606-1829 (Online) со ссылкой на МК-Петербург , 2 августа 2007 года
- ↑ Аллея памяти педагогов Шейнисов в Зеленогорске
- ↑ Маршруты общественного транспорта Санкт-Петербурга
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Официальный сайт ЗДДТ (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 2 ноября 2014. Архивировано 14 августа 2014 года.
Literature
- Балашов Е. А. Карельский перешеек. Земля неизведанная. / Краеведческое издание.. — Геза Ком, 1996.
- Даринский А. В. География Ленинграда. — Л. : Лениздат, 1982. — 190 с.
- Пышновская О. М., Усыскин Г. С. Зеленогорск. — Л., 1978. — С. 10-14.