Georgi, Johann Gottlieb

Johann Gottlieb Georgi was born December 31, 1729 in the family of a priest. He graduated from Uppsala University ( Sweden ), where he studied, in particular, with Karl Linnaeus . He received a doctorate in medicine and worked as a pharmacist .

Arrived in Russia at the invitation of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1770 (according to other sources, in 1768 ^[1] ).

He participated in the “Physical Expedition” of Pallas , was engaged in the study of the Volga region , the Middle and Southern Urals , Western Siberia , Pribaikalye , Dauria . Adjunct (since 1776), academician of the Academy of Sciences (elected in 1783).

In 1772, Georgi compiled a map of Lake Baikal at a scale of 10 miles per inch (1: 420,000). The first to speculate about the tectonic origin of the lake ^{[2] [3]} . Studying the nature of the Baikal region, the scientist compiled a detailed description of its flora and fauna (including the first description of the Baikal omul ), collected a herbarium of rare plants, and information about the fishery on Lake Baikal ^[4] .

The collection of minerals collected by Georgi on expeditions (371 pieces) was acquired by the Main Directorate of the schools and formed the basis of the future museum of the Department of Mineralogy of St. Petersburg University .

The result of the ethnographic studies of Georgi was a detailed illustrated description of the peoples inhabiting Russia. This work was published in St. Petersburg in 1776-1780 in German under the title "Beschreibung aller Nationen des Russischen Reichs, ihrer Lebensart, Religion, Gebräuche, Wohnungen, Kleidung und übrigen Merkwürdigkeiten" ("Description of all the peoples of the Russian state, their life, religion, customs, homes, clothes and other differences ”). Partially, it was translated into Russian and came out under the heading "Description of all the living peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials . " This work was the first summary ethnographic description of Russia. Catherine II , who greatly appreciated the work of Georgi, gave him a golden snuff box, which was considered very honorable, and ordered the descriptions to be printed “at the expense of the cabinet , but in favor of the author”.

In St. Petersburg, Georgi conducted research in the first domestic chemical laboratory, organized by MV Lomonosov on Vasilievsky Island . However, here he proved himself immediately in many fields of science: he compiled a description of the flora of the St. Petersburg province and a description of the city itself. The book of Georgi “Description of the Russian-imperial capital city of St. Petersburg and the sights in the vicinity thereof, with a plan of 1794-1796” was published in German in 1790. The second edition appeared in Riga in 1793. A translation into Russian was published in St. Petersburg in 1794. This work is one of the first fundamental publications devoted to St. Petersburg.

By the name of Georgi K. L. Vildenov named the genus of plants of Dahlia ( Dahlia ) of the Astrov family ^[5] .

• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Reisen durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russ. Reichs (1771-1777).
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Beschreibung aller Nationen des Russischen Reichs, ihrer Lebensart, Religion, Gebräuche, Wohnungen, Kleidung und übrigen Merkwürdigkeiten. - St. Petersburg: Müller, 1776-1780. (2nd ed., Leipzig, 1782) (In the Russian version: Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Description of all the living peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part Two. On the Tatar peoples tribe and other unresolved northern Siberian origin. - St. Petersburg, 1776-1777. (2nd ed: St. Petersburg, 1779)); The modern edition is Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Description of all peoples living in the Russian state, their everyday rites, customs, clothes, dwellings, exercises, fun, faiths and other memorials. - M.: RUSAL Library, 2007 .-- 128 p.
• Georgi I.G. Description of the Russian-imperial capital city of St. Petersburg and the attractions in the vicinity thereof, with a plan of 1794 - 1796. - St. Petersburg. : League, 1996 .-- 528 s. - ISBN 5-88663-003-1 . - published in German in 1790, the second edition in Riga (1793), translated into Russian and published in St. Petersburg in 1794.
• Geographisch-physikalische und Naturhistorische Beschreibung des Russischen Reiches in 9 volumes with drawings. It came out in Koenigsberg (1797-1802).
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich 1772-1774. - St. Petersburg: Kaiserl. Academie der Wissenschaften, 1775. - Comments on the journey through the Russian Empire in 1772-1774. The first volume contains a detailed map of Lake Baikal . The second volume describes a journey with Pallas from Irkutsk to Yekaterinburg through the Ural Mountains and return to St. Petersburg in 1773 - 1774 . Contains a description of the mines and plants of the surroundings of Perm .

Library of Congress

• Beschreibung aller Nationen des Russischen Reichs, ihrer Lebensart, Religion, Gebraeuche, Wohnungen, Kleidung und uebrigen Merkwuerdigkeiten (St. Petersburg, Müller: 1776-1780; 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1782) Vol. 1-4 ( German. , gothic font).
• Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part one. About the peoples of the Finnish tribe. St. Petersburg, 1776 ,
• Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part two. About the peoples of the Tatar tribe, 1776 ,
• Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part three. Samoyed, Manjurian and East Siberian peoples. Saint Petersburg, 1777
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Bemerkungen einer Reise im Rußischen Reich 1772 - 1774 (German) . - St. Petersburg: Kaiserl. Academie der Wissenschaften, 1775.1 volume , 2 volume ( German , gothic font)

GDZ - University of Gottingen Library Project (link not available)

• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Bemerkungen einer Reise im Rußischen Reich 1772 - 1774 (German) . - St. Petersburg: Kaiserl. Academie der Wissenschaften, 1775. - 1 and 2 volumes ( German , gothic font)
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part one. About the peoples of the Finnish tribe also known in Russian history under the common name Russ . - St. Petersburg: at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1799. (unavailable link)
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part two. About the peoples of the Tatar tribe and other unresolved northern Siberian origin . - St. Petersburg: at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1799. (unavailable link)
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part three. About the peoples of Samoyed, Manjurian and East Siberian as well as about shamanic law . - St. Petersburg: at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1799. (unavailable link)
• Johann Gottlieb Georgi. Description of all the inhabiting peoples in the Russian state, as well as their everyday rites, faiths, customs, dwellings, clothes and other memorials. Part Four About the Mongolian peoples, about the Armenians, Georgians, Indians, Poles and ruling Russians with a description of all the names of the Cossacks, as well as the hysteria about Lesser Russia and purchased about Courland and Lithuania . - St. Petersburg: at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1799. (unavailable link)

• Zolotov, Yu. A. Some milestones in the history of chemistry at the Academy of Sciences // Russian Chemical Journal. - 1998. - T. XLII , No. 3 .
• Kozlov, S. A. Russia that opened up to the world: academic expeditions 1768-1774 // St. Petersburg University. - 2001. - November 29.
• Tikhomirov, V.V. Two hundred twenty-five years since the birth of Academician I.I. Georgi / V.V. Tikhomirov, T.A.Sofiano // Izv. USSR Academy of Sciences. Geological series. - 1954. - No. 5.
• Golovnev A.V., Kisser T. S. Ethnographic portrait of the empire in the works of P. S. Pallas I. G. Georgi // Ural Historical Bulletin, 2015, No. 3 (48). 59-69.
• Kisser T. S. Travel of I. P. Falk and I. G. Georgi in the Russian Empire (based on diary materials) // Ural Historical Bulletin, 2016, No. 2 (51). S. 53-60.
• Tokarev, S. A. History of Russian Ethnography. - M. , 1966. - S. 103-110.
• Erlikh, V. A. 18th-century Russian-language editions about the East and Russian Germans // German Ethnicity in Siberia . - 2000. Archived on September 4, 2004.
• Golenkova, A.I. Trackers of Lake Baikal. - M .: Thought , 1973. - S. 40-47. - 45,000 copies.
• Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the 18th – 21st centuries: Geology and mining. / Ans. Editor I. G. Malakhova. M.: GC RAS , 2012 .-- 504 p. ISBN 978-5-904509-08-8 (electronic version).

• Library of Congress
• Georgi, Johann-Gottlieb // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• From the History of the Mineralogical Museum of St. Petersburg State University
• Mineralogical Museum of the Department of Mineralogy, St. Petersburg State University
• The New World of Stone, August 2004, No. 1
• The first ethnographic description of all of Russia: a book by academician I. G. Georgi
• Presentation of ethnographic research completed in the 18th century. I. G. Georgi