Torres Vedras Lines (Torrish Vedras Lines; port. Linhas de Torres Vedras ) - lines of powerful fortifications on the outskirts of Lisbon , built in secrecy between November 1809 and September 1810 with the support of Great Britain , in particular, Arthur Wellesley, Duke Wellington . The immediate task of installing military fortifications entrusted to Sir Richard Fletcher . In the autumn of 1810, French troops approached Lisbon led by Marshal Andre Massen , but they could not overcome the fortifications near the city of Torrish Vedras and ingloriously retreated [1] .
Content
- 1 Construction
- 2 Description
- 3 See also
- 4 Mentions in art
- 5 Literature
- 6 notes
Construction
The construction of the Torres-Vedras lines took about 100 thousand pounds. This is an example of one of the least expensive but most profitable military investments in history [2] . The work was led by Sir Richard Fletcher , assisted by Major John Thomas Jones , 11 other British officers, four engineers from the Portuguese army, and two officers from the Royal German Legion .
Description
Lisbon is located in the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula . In the city limits flows the large Daegu River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Lines of military fortifications built north of Lisbon. There are three fortification lines of Torres Vedras. The first of them, the longest, lay near the city of Torrish Vedras. The third, shortest, did not surround the center of Lisbon, but the place of landing of the British army on ships, in case the French army takes the first two [3] .
See also
- Iberian wars .
Mention in art
- " Death to the French " CC Forester ;
- “ Sharpe's Gold ” Bernard Cornwell ;
- “ Sharpe's Escape ” Bernard Cornwell ;
- “The Trap” - Rafael Sabatini ;
- Wellington Lines - French - Portuguese 2012 film ;
- “The Feats of the Gerard Brigadier ” is a collection of adventure stories by Arthur Conan Doyle .
- "The Man Who Could Work Miracles" Herbert Wells
Literature
- Sir Charles Oman. A History of the Peninsular War. Volume III. September 1809 to December 1810. Ocana, Cadis, Bussaco, Torres Vedras.
- David Gates. The Spanish Ulcer. A History of the Peninsular War.
Notes
- ↑ Torrish Vedras, t. Torres Vedras ( (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment February 1, 2015. Archived March 4, 2016.
- ↑ historyofwar.org/Lines of Torres Vedras
- ↑ Oleg Sokolov . Battle of Two Empires. 1805-1812. St. Petersburg: Astrel. 2012