Baron Matvey Ivanovich Palen ( German Carl Magnus Freiherr von der Pahlen ; 1779 - 1863 ) - cavalry general from the Ostseey - Pomeranian family von Palen . In the years 1830-45. Riga Military Governor (at the same time the Governor General of all the Ostseey provinces ).
| Matvey Ivanovich Palen 3rd | |
|---|---|
| him. Carl Magnus von der Pahlen | |
 Portrait of Matvey Ivanovich Palen workshop [1] of George Dow . Military Gallery of the Winter Palace , State Hermitage Museum ( St. Petersburg ) | |
| Date of Birth | February 19, 1779 |
| Place of Birth | Revel |
| Date of death | May 20, 1863 (84 years old) |
| Place of death | |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire |
| Years of service | 1784-1863 |
| Rank | cavalry general |
| Battles / wars | The war of the fourth coalition , the Russo-Swedish war of 1808-1809 , the Russo-Turkish war of 1806-1812 , the Patriotic war of 1812 , the foreign campaigns of 1813 and 1814. , Polish campaign of 1831 |
| Awards and prizes | Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1831), St. Vladimir , 2nd art. (1815), St. Anne 1st Art. with diamonds (1814), St. George of the 3rd class (1813), St. George of the 4th class (1809), St. Vladimir 3rd art. (1813), St. Vladimir 4th art. with a bow (1807), St. Anne , 2nd art. with diamonds (1810), distinction "for L years of immaculate service"; foreign: Prussian - Pour le Mérite and Red Eagle 2nd century, Swedish Military Order of the Sword (1814); two gold swords “for courage” (one with diamonds) |
Military Service
From the Estonian nobles. The son of retired Lt. Col. Ivan Alekseevich Palen [2] (1740-1817) and his wife Countess Beata Ulrika Sofia von Stenbock (1759-1845), nephew of the cavalry general P. A. Palen .
Back in 1784 (at the age of 5 years, which was traditional for those times) , the Horse Regiment was enlisted as a quartermaster, but he began active service in Riga with the rank of cornet on January 22, 1797, after being enrolled in the Riga Cuirassier Regiment . He participated in the rank of lieutenant in the Fourth Coalition War against Napoleon Bonaparte in the Polish lands, having distinguished himself in the battles of Yankov , Landsberg , Preisis Eylau , Ostroleka. On December 13, 1807, Frederick William III, on the recommendation of Lieutenant General von Lestock, awarded him the Order of Pour le Mérite .
He took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809 , on February 17, 1809 he received the Order of St. George of the 4th class for the courage shown in the battle of Idenzalmi . November 11, 1808 participated in the capture of Uleaborg . Since 1809 he served under Count Pavel Stroganov . October 9, 1809 received the rank of captain of the cavalry. During the Russo-Turkish war of 1806-1812, he served in the Moldavian army under the command of Fyodor Uvarov , as his adjutant, showed courage in the sieges of Silistra and Shumla . June 26, 1810 received the rank of colonel . On July 22, 1810, during the siege of the city of Ruse, he was wounded in the right shoulder. August 26 participated in the capture of Batini, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree, and on October 15 - in the capture of Nikopol .
During the Patriotic War of 1812 he was appointed adjutant and duty officer with Major General (later Lieutenant General) Sergei Tuchkov , commanding the so-called “flying” detachment from October 14. In 1813 he distinguished himself during the siege of Pillau , preventing the approach to the city of reinforcements and supplies, for which he was again awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree with diamonds. Later he was a temporary commandant of Koenigberg, since March 1813 he was in the service in the detachment of General Alexander Chernyshev , participated in the hostilities near Riga and in Finland. He showed himself at the battle of Luneburg , when the Russian-Prussian troops under the command of Baron von Dornberg defeated the French army under the command of General Moran, for which he was promoted to major general on August 23, 1813 (with seniority on March 21, 1813).
On September 24, 1813, Palen was granted the Order of St. George of the 3rd class for the distinction shown in the Battle of Dennevice . In the battle of Leipzig, he led the vanguard of the Northern Army, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree. In 1814 he participated in the battles of the War of Independence already in France: during the siege of the castle of Porsier , Soissons , Kraon , Laon , Croix , Reims , Saint-Dizier .
After the conclusion of peace in 1815, he remained in the army and received the rank of adjutant general, but his activities began to move from the military to the political sphere. On July 12, 1818, he was dismissed by request.
Civil Service
From 1818 to 1827 he was a landrat and senator of the Estland province. He was in the Estonian chivalry , and from April 8, 1833 - in the Courland. From 1827 to 1828 he was on a diplomatic mission in Sweden. In 1828 he became Privy Councilor, was appointed trustee of the University of Dorpat and the school district.
Since January 1, 1830, having received the rank of lieutenant general , he was appointed first by the Riga Military Governor-General, and then by the Estonian, Courland and Livland Governor-General. In this position, according to the historian K. Voensky , his policy was distinguished by “Ostsee chauvinism”, which was manifested in the infringement of Latvians and disagreement with the activities of the Orthodox clergy.
In 1831 he took part in the suppression of the Polish uprising on the territory of the Courland province and the Kingdom of Poland, for which in December 1831 he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky . In 1840 he directed the suppression of a peasant uprising in Livonia.
October 10, 1843 promoted to General of the Cavalry . March 17, 1845 was appointed a member of the Council of State .
In 1847, he retired due to illness, having received a pension of 6,000 rubles a year. He spent the last years of his life in his family estate, Palms, in the province of Estonia, where he died.
Family
The first wife (from 1817) - Elizaveta Ivanovna von Essen (1797-1821), the only daughter and wealthy heiress of the Governor General of Riga, Lieutenant General I.N. von Essen , cousin of E.I. Barclay de Tolly . Died a few days after giving birth.
- Alexander (12/29/1819-1895)
The second wife (since 1823) - Ekaterina Fedorovna Arvelius (1800-1869), nee Catherine Wilhelmina, granddaughter of the pastor and daughter of the writer Frederic Arvelius . She was a co-student of her husband’s first wife. According to Vyazemsky’s review, Baroness Palen was rather pretty and had something birdlike in her face, modesty and humility of the first half of her life were preserved in her and in the brilliant field of the first lady of the Duchy of Estonia [3] . On May 24, 1833, the cavalier lady of the Order of St. Catherine (the Small Cross). In marriage, had daughters:
- Elizabeth (07/02/1824-1860)
- Catherine (1825-1847), since 1844 married to Baron Conrad von Meyendorf (1817-1890).
- Sofia (Augustus) (02.24.1829-1907), since 1849 the wife of Baron Reinhold Steel von Holstein (1819-1892).
- Natalia (10/12/1831-1906), since 1856 married to Moritz von Greenwald (1825-1868).
Notes
- ↑ State Hermitage Museum. Western European painting. Catalog / Ed. V. F. Levinson-Lessing; ed. A. E. Krol , K. M. Semenova. - 2nd edition, revised and supplemented. - L .: Art, 1981. - T. 2. - P. 259, cat. No. 8040. - 360 p.
- ↑ Landrat, retired lieutenant colonel of the Russian imperial army, privy councilor, chairman of the Revel court. A large landowner who owned estates in Palms and Wannamoise.
- ↑ P.A. Vyazemsky. Notebooks. - M., 1963.
Literature
- Dictionary of Russian generals, participants in the hostilities against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812-1815. // Russian archive. The history of the Fatherland in the evidence and documents of the XVIII — XX centuries. : Collection. - M .: TRITE studio N. Mikhalkova , 1996. - T. VII . - S. 504-505 . - ISSN 0869-20011 . (Comm. A. A. Podmazo )
- Magnus Freiherr von der Pahlen: Briefe aus den Befreiungskriegen 1812-1814 . In: Henning von Wistinghausen (Hg.): Zwischen Reval und St. Petersburg. Erinnerungen von Estländern aus zwei Jahrhunderten . Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1993. ISBN 3-87437-351-7 .
- Mare Luuk: Marks of Ownership of Six Generations: The Library of the Pahlen Family. (Tallinn 2004), PDF-Version: https://web.archive.org/web/20061009205901/http://www.leidykla.vu.lt/inetleid/knygot/42/straipsniai/str14.pdf
- A.N. Petrov. Palen, von der, Matvey Ivanovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
Links
- TLÜAR rahvusbibliograafia isikud
- Väljavõte Eestimaa rüütelkonna genealoogilisest käsiraamatust, 1930
- Bornhaupt, Christian. Entwurf einer geographisch-statistisch-historischen Beschreibung Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands, nebst einer Wandkarte . - Riga: WF Häcker, 1855. - P. lk. 80.