South Aromanian dialects

The South-Arunian dialect zone is associated with the original southern part of the Aryumian language range. As a result of the migration of the carriers of one or another Aruminian dialects, some South-Romanian groups settled in the northern regions of the Aruminian ethnic territory, part of the North-Romanian groups, on the contrary, settled in the south.

The area of gramostya dialects is located in the form of several groups of “islands” in a number of southern Balkan countries. In Greece - in the vicinity of Mount Gramos in the northern part of the Pind mountain range (the source area of ​​gramostayan dialects), between the Struma and Mesta rivers near the border with Bulgaria, in some regions of the Greek part of Macedonia; in Bulgaria - in the mountainous regions of the south-west of the country near the border with Macedonia and Greece; in the Republic of Macedonia, in the southwestern, central and eastern regions of the country. The carriers of gramostoyan dialects constitute the majority among the carriers of other Arumanian dialects in Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia.

The range of the Pindian dialects is located in northwestern Greece in the mountainous regions of Pinda . This area is the most extensive and compact area of ​​the spread of the Arumian language. A number of scattered island ranges of the Pindus dialects are also located in Thessaly and Greek Macedonia .

The area of ​​the Olympian dialects is a neighborhood of Mount Olympus ^[3] .

Partly the spread of the Arumenian dialects is associated with the spread of certain groups of the Aruman population , called “tribal branches”. If the names of “Pindians” ( pindeni ) and “Olympians” are artificial and the data of the Arumen groups are not fully aware of their unity, then the ethnonym “Gramostyan” ( grămosteni ) is quite common among the Arumians themselves, and the Gramostyans themselves represent a relatively single group ^{[1 ] [4]} .

Allocation of the South Romanian dialects, opposed to the North Romanian dialects, was proposed by T. Kapidan, in his terminology, these dialect formations are called “dialect zones” ^[2] .

The basis of the dialect differentiation of the Arumian language is mainly phonetic and phonological features. For South Aromanian dialects are characteristic ^[2] :

• contrasting phonemes / ǝ / and / ɨ /; in the North Romanian dialect zone, the opposition / ǝ / and / ɨ / is absent;
• preservation of diphthongs e̯a , o̯a ; For the North Aromanian dialects, the transition of diphthongs e̯a , o̯a to monophthongs is typical: e̯a > ɛ , o̯a > ɔ ;
• preservation of non-syllable final vowels [ ⁱ ] and [ ^u ]; in a number of North Aromanian dialects, non-syllable end points [ ⁱ ] and [ ^u ] are absent.

In addition, the following linguistic phenomena are characteristic of the South-Romanian dialect zone ^[5] :

• the most common in the initial and final unstressed position of the vowel [i] compared with the spread of the vowel [e]: ve̯ádi "he sees", sî́nḑi "blood", irmuxít "devastated";
• the frequent absence of o- before n : ntreb ^u “I ask”; ntreg "whole";
• voicing consonants [p], [k], [t] after the nasal: mîncáre > mîngáre “food”, mpadi ( n páde from Slavic)> mbádi “below”;
• the possibility of pronunciation [ ⁱ ] after [t͜s], [d͜z] in the Pindi dialects in the formation of the plural forms of nouns and the 2nd number of the singular number of the verbs: văţ ⁱ "cows", du ⁱ "lead", etc.

• Bara M. , , Sobolev A.N. Yuzhnoaromynsky dialect of Turya village (Pind). Syntax, vocabulary, ethnolinguistics, texts (Based on the materials of the Small Dialectological Atlas of Balkan Languages, volume 4) = Die südarominische Mundart von Turia (Pindos): Syntax, Lexik, Ethnolinguistik, Texte (Materialien zum Südosteuropasprachatlas, Band 4) - München: Biblion Verlag, 2005. - 489 p. - ISBN 3-932331-59-1 .