The Bosporus diocese is the ancient Orthodox diocese of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in Crimea, with the center in the capital of the Bosporan state, the city of Pantikapei (modern-day Kerch ). It arose no later than the beginning of the 4th century. Known until the XIV century.
| Bospor | |
|---|---|
| Patriarchate of Constantinople | |
| General information | |
| A country | Kingdom of bosporus |
| Diocesan Center | Panticapaeum |
| Founded by | The beginning of the IV century |
| Abolished | XIV century |
| Control | |
| Cathedral Church | Church of St. John the Baptist (Kerch) |
VIII-IX century.
Content
History
Orthodox and Arian Diocese
Along with Kherson , the most ancient diocese of Crimea. The date of its foundation is unknown, but at the beginning of the 4th century it already existed: the signature of the Bosporus Bishop Kadm (Domna according to the Syrian list) is under the oros of the First Ecumenical Council .
It should be assumed that the territory nourished by the Bosporus ruler encompassed the entire Bosporus kingdom, that is, part of the Crimean coast, Taman and the southern coast of the Sea of Azov right up to Tanais on the Don River .
Despite the almost thousand-year existence of the diocese, information about it is extremely scarce. Virtually nothing is known about its primates. Its first bishop was a participant in the Council of Nicaea in 325 - Theophilus of Bosporitan ( Latin: Theophilus Bosphoritanus ), or Theophilus of Gotha , he occupied the department until 341 years . His successor, until 381, or until 383, Wulfila, the creator of the Gothic alphabet, translated the Holy Scriptures into the Gothic language (see “The Gothic Bible ”). Wulfila in the most active way, with the support of the Byzantine emperors, was engaged in missionary activity, baptized a huge number of Goths, spread Christianity among the Goths; however, Wulfila preached Christianity in the form of late Arianism (his Creed includes Anomeanism , subordinationism , Macedonianism ). The disciples of Wulfila borrowed his creed. Wulfilah's successor, Selina, belonged to the Arian-Psafirian party. The Orthodox goth Unila was set by the Patriarch of Constantinople John Chrysostom “for the Goths” after 397 [1] . In 404, thanks to the intrigues of the Empress Eudoxia , John Chrysostom was removed from the pulpit and sent into exile. In this regard, the letter of the saint deaconess Olympiad appeared. It is known from him that Unila died in the same year 404, and the saint, worried that an adversary would be placed at the Bosporus pulpit by his opponents, requested that the embassy of the ruler of Gothia be detained, citing the difficulty of a sea voyage to Bospor during the winter months [2] [ 3] .
In 344, the Bosporus Bishop participated in the Nicomedian Local Cathedral. Eudoxius - in the cathedrals in Constantinople in 448 and 459, and in the "robber" Ephesian Cathedral in 449. The famous Bishop John of Bosporus, who participated in the Councils of Constantinople 518 [4] and 536 [5] . The documents of the 7th Ecumenical Council of 787 were signed by the deacon of the “Holy Church of the Bosporus” David, for Bishop Andrew.
In the VI century, the Bosporus diocese was included in the number of departments of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. According to the notion of Pseudo-Epiphanius, from the end of the 7th century the Bosporus pulpit is listed among the autocephalous archbishops . The same document reports that the Bosporus diocese, along with the Kherson diocese , belong to the Zikhi diocese [6] .
In the XIII century, the Bosporus was ravaged by the Tatar-Mongols , and in 1299 the Nogais fell into desolation. Ibn Battuta in the 30s of the XIV century mentions only the surviving church of John the Baptist . Under Emperor Andronicus II, at the end of the 13th century, the Bosporus Chair, along with other departments in the region, rises to the Metropolis. However, soon a Venetian and then Genoese colony appears here.
Catholic Diocese
In the XIV century, in Vosporo, as the Italians called the city, a Catholic diocese appeared. The Catholic bishop in Vosporo is mentioned under 1308 [6] . Earlier, in 1303, the signature of the Archbishop of Vozpo and the monk of the Dominican Order, Francesco da Camerino, was under the act of transferring the Galatians of the Constantinople region to the Genoese . And on July 16, 1333, a metropolis was established in Vosporo, which included the diocese of Kherson. It is known from the letter of Pope John XXII that Metropolitan Vosporo Francis, together with Bishop Kherson of Ricardo, has already shown himself in the field of sermon among Christians and converted the Alans to Catholicism. In 1334/1335, he, as a papal legate, participated in an embassy in Constantinople to negotiate a union , where he took part in a dispute over the descent of the Holy Spirit with Barlaam of Calabria [7] [8] . At the same time, the Bosporus diocese disappears from the murals (notices) of the dioceses of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The Catholic diocese ceased to exist in 1475 after the Ottoman conquest of Crimea .
Notes
- ↑ The year of St. John’s occupation of the patriarchal chair.
- ↑ A. A. Vasiliev . Goths in the Crimea. with. 301-302.
- ↑ V. G. Vasilievsky . Proceedings. T. 2. h. 2. p. 382.
- ↑ This year, a council was held in Constantinople condemning the teachings of Sevir of Antioch .
- ↑ In May of this year, a council was held condemning Metropolitan Anthimos of Trebizond . V.V. Bolotov. Lectures on the history of the ancient church. t. IV. c. 383.
- ↑ 1 2 V. Ya. Petrukhin . Bosporus
- ↑ N. M. Bogdanova. Kherson Church in the 10th-15th centuries. with. 33
- ↑ S. Ya. Hagen (Krasikov) . The political background of the papal mission of 1334/1335 in Constantinople.//Antique antiquity and the Middle Ages. issue 34.2003 p. 380.
Literature
- Metropolitan Makarios (Bulgakov) . History of the Russian Church. T. I. Ch. IV, V and VI. Dioceses of Sourozh, Full and Bospor.
- A. L. Bertier-Delagard . A study of some perplexed questions of the Middle Ages in Tauris. // ITUAK No. 57 of 1920 with. 1-135.
- V. Ya. Petrukhin . Bosporus // Orthodox Encyclopedia. t. 6, p. 103-105 .