Valuyki

It is named after the hydronym ( Valui River ).

Early History

As a result of archaeological exploration north and south of Valuek, several flint workshops of the Late Paleolithic , Neolithic and Bronze Age were discovered ^[4] .

On the territory of the Valuy district there are barrows of catacomb culture ^[5] . And in the course of various archaeological reconnaissance traces of villages were discovered, the locations of ceramics and the burial of the Salt-Mayak culture were noted ^[6] .

Ground

It was founded in 1593 ^[2] , during the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich , as a fortress city on the Muravsky gent , at the confluence of the Valui River into the Oskol River. The first fortress disappeared under unknown circumstances, which are allegedly associated with one of the invasions of the Polish gentry ^[7] . In 1599, a new fortress was built in its place.

XVII — XIX centuries

Since the 17th century it has been the administrative center of the Valuysky district .

In the XVII century, part of the inhabitants from Tsarev-Borisov moved to Valuyki, and Tsareborisov settlements existed for a long time.

In 1633, during the Smolensk War , Yakov Ostryanin , hetman of the Zaporizhzhya Nizovoy Army , with a detachment of 3,500 soldiers, ravaged the Valuy fortress (it was repaired in a short time) ^[8] .

The second Valuyskaya fortress burned down on June 18, 1647 ^[9] . In the same year, instead of the burned prison town, on the orders of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich , an earthen rampart with a wooden wall was built on it.

In 1658, the city was visited by Stepan Razin ^[10] . A few years later, during the Peasant War of 1670-1671 , Valuyki took the side of the government.

In the same era, the city became one of the starting points for the Azov campaigns . During the first of them, Valuyki accepted the army upon its return from Azov , during the second, the city was an assembly point for the ground forces in preparation and at the end of the campaign. Tsar Peter I , passing in 1695 from Azov, stayed in the city ^[11] .

In 1708, the Bulavin uprising began, and Valuyki, as before during the Razin uprising, did not take the side of the rebels. The city was one of the places where captive rebels were sent, in particular, in the fortress, the son and wife of Bulavin were under arrest ^[10] .

In March 1713, the last Tatar raid took place ^[12] .

In 1786, the Voronezh governorship in the framework of the Catherine the Great Urban Reform developed a new city plan ^[13] .

By 1840, the construction of the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was completed. And in 1853 Vladimir Cathedral was erected at the expense of parishioners (destroyed in 1932).

In the second half of the XIX century, Valuyki began to rise somewhat, after a long period of stagnation. Artisanal oil mills appeared, in 1867 a female gymnasium opened and a bank arose ^[14] . Carrying out railway lines far from the city did not contribute to its development.

However, by the end of the 19th century, the railroad was still built (the Kharkov - Balashov and Yelets -Valuyki lines), which somewhat revived the economy. But soon, the industrial crisis again undermined the planned rise.

XX century

During the First Russian Revolution, Valuyki generally took an anti-government position. But gradually the revolutionary moods broke up ^[14] .

As a result of administrative reform in the 1920s, the county as an administrative category was abolished, so in 1928 the city became the administrative center of the Valuy district.

On July 6, 1942, Soviet authorities and troops left the city occupied by the German army ^[15] . January 19, 1943 Valuyki were liberated from the Nazi forces by the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the Ostrogozh-Rossoshansk offensive operation ^[15] . During the occupation, housing was particularly badly damaged, but by 1956 the city was completely rebuilt ^[16] .

Since 1954, after the formation of the Belgorod region, the city of Valuyki and the Valuy district became part of it.

On February 1, 1963, the city of Valuyki was categorized as a city of regional subordination, and the city Council of Workers 'Deputies was subordinated to the Belgorod Regional Council of Workers' Deputies ^[17] .

In 1966, the city included the urban-type village of Sotsgorodok , which arose in 1932 as a village of railway workers at a sorting station, a locomotive and wagon depot.

Modern Period

Currently, the city is one of the industrial centers of the Belgorod region, moreover, the food industry is predominant ^[18] . In the 90s there was a slight population growth, today its number is falling ^[19] .

In October 2009, the Municipal Institution “Valuisky Bath and Wellness Complex” was opened.

Geographical position

The city is located in the south of the Central Russian Upland . It is located on the high right bank of the Valui River, 3 km from its confluence with the Oskol River, 152 km southeast of Belgorod , near the border with Ukraine. Today, Valuyki occupy an area between 50 ° 10 'and 50 ° 14' north latitude; and 38 ° 05 'and 38 ° 10' East.

Time Zone

Valuyki and Belgorod Oblast, as well as neighboring regions, belong to the Moscow time zone ( Moscow Time Zone , MSK / MSD). The offset from UTC is +3: 00 (MSD).

Climate

Climate Valuek is temperate . Freezing of the soil in frosty years up to 70 cm. Winter, as a rule, with a stable snow cover, which forms only in January - February and whose height can reach 30 cm; thaws are quite frequent, accompanied by rains (especially in December). Summer is warm, often hot (especially in July and the first half of August). Long-term average temperatures: January - minus 6.9 ° C, July - plus 20.8 ° C. Precipitation is about 544 mm per year. In recent decades, the amount of precipitation has increased slightly (about 580 mm per year), and winters have become warmer (average January temperature is minus 5.2 ° С). The prevailing annual average wind direction is east. The absolute minimum temperature in the Belgorod Region was recorded in 1942 in Valuyki (–37.3 ° C) ^[20] .

Geology

Mesozoic sediments represented by rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous systems are found everywhere in the region. Dark gray clays, sands, sandstones and carbonaceous veins belong to Jurassic deposits. Formations of the Cretaceous system are divided into two divisions, of which the lower is sand, interlayers of clay and silt, and the upper is written chalk ^[21] .

The territory of the city is part of the Oskol-Severskodonetsk morphological region, which is represented by a gentle undulating plain, slightly inclined from north to south. The terrain is divided by ravines and ravines. Easily soluble Cretaceous rocks occur close to the surface, therefore Cretaceous karst funnels develop intensively. Modern exogenous geological processes also include a ravine-gully network that continues to grow ^[22] .

Hydrography

The Oskol River and its tributary Valui flow within the city. The Valuy river catchment area is 1340 km² ^[23] , the right bank of the Valuy, on which in the 17th century there was a fortress, elevated, steep and steep in some places, the left one is low throughout the river, the width of the river does not exceed 50 meters anywhere depth to a meter. Oskol has a catchment basin of 14,800 km², which makes it one of the region’s most full-flowing rivers.

These rivers, like others in the Belgorod Region, belong to the type of rivers with predominantly snow nutrition, which usually accounts for 55-65% of the annual runoff. They are characterized by a slow flow, small slopes, well-developed valleys with wide floodplains and floodplain terraces ^[24] .

Soil

The city lies on typical chernozems , floodplain meadow and gray forest soils ^[25] . Within the boundaries of the Valuysky region, there are also leached, ordinary, and carbonate-chalky chernozems. The territory is subject to soil erosion, as a result, the thickness of the humus horizon is reduced, which means fertility ^[25] .

As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 454th place out of 1,115 ^[42] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[43] . According to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census , the city has 17,190 men (48.7%) and 18132 women (51.3%) ^[44] .

Compared to 2000, the year of the maximum population, the population declined by 1221. (3.4%).

The city of Valuyki and the Valuy district, in accordance with federal law, has its own emblem, a flag, a description and the procedure for its official use is established by the regulatory legal acts of the Municipal Council of the city of Valuyki and the Valuy district ^[45] .

The historical coat of arms of Valuyek was approved on September 21, 1781, restored in 1859, and re-restored on December 7, 1995 ^[46] . It is a simple (undivided) shield of French form and has the following description: “In a green field is a pyramid of golden apples, in the free part is the coat of arms of the Belgorod region.”

The flag of the city and the district was officially adopted by the Municipal Council in 2012 ^[47] .

Considering that the district has a good raw material base for the food processing industry, the following city-forming enterprises operate in the city: Rusagro-Belgorod LLC, Plant Oil Plant OJSC, Milk OJSC, Valuy Canning Factory OJSC, OJSC Valui Meat Processing Plant, Valui Elevator OJSC. These enterprises produce products that are supplied to many regions of Russia ^[48] . So, the Valuikisakhar plant, commissioned in 1973 and transformed in 2017 into Rusagro-Belgorod LLC, is one of the country's leading sugar beet processing enterprises ^[49] .

The city also operates the Valuisk Distillery. This is one of the oldest enterprises in Russia, founded in 1887 ^[50] .

Other industries are represented by such factories as leather, brick, foundry-mechanical and Valuyskoe Metalloizdeliya LLC LLC ^[51] .

There is a large railway junction in Valuyki, which includes the Valuyki -Passenger and Valuyki-Sorting stations .

There is an airport that is used only for the needs of agricultural aviation .

Broadcast

• First channel
• Russia 1 / GTRK Belgorod
• Home / World of the White Mountains
• NTV
• TV Center
• Fifth channel
• The first multiplex of digital television in Russia

Broadcasting

• Radio Beacon - 68.48 MHz
• Radio of Russia / State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Belgorod - 66.8 MHz
• Radio Radio - 95.8 MHz
• Radio Russia - 99.4 MHz (PLAN)
• Radio Chanson - 99.9 MHz
• Maroussia FM - 100.3 MHz
• Humor FM - 101.1 MHz
• Europe Plus - 101.8 MHz
• Belogorye World - 102.8 MHz
• Radio 7 on seven hills - 104.4 MHz
• Russian radio - 104.8 MHz
• Autoradio - 106.9 MHz

Internet

• Rostelecom
• Intercom

Cellular

• MTS
• Beeline
• Megaphone
• Tele2
• Yota

• Valuysky Museum of History and Art .
• Valuysky regional museum of local lore .
• House-Museum of General of the Army Vatutin N.F. .
• Valuysky Assumption Nicholas Monastery (with St. Nicholas Cathedral ).
• Temple of the Holy Martyr Ignatius the God-Bearer .
• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker .

• Valuyki // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.
• Petin A.N. Geography of the Belgorod region. Textbook for 8-9 grades of a comprehensive school. - M .: "Publishing house of Moscow University", 2008. - 136 p. - ISBN 978-5-211-05608-4 .
• Sukhorukov M.I. Valuyki - an outpost of the Fatherland: an album-chronicle. - Belgorod: “Oblipography”, 1999. - 216 p.
• The reference book “The Liberation of Cities: A Guide to the Liberation of Cities during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945”. M.L. Dudarenko, Yu.G. Pereshnov, V.T. Eliseev et al. M.: Military Publishing House, 1985.598 s.

• The official website of the administration of the municipal district “Valuyki City and Valuysky District”
• Official site of the Valuy Museum of History and Art
• Information site of the city of Valuyki
• Information and entertainment site of the city. Valuyskaya social network.
• History of the Valuy district in Vkontakte
• Valuyki in the encyclopedia "My city"
• Map of Valuek
• The reference book “The Liberation of Cities: A Guide to the Liberation of Cities during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” / M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perenich, V. T. Eliseev and others. M .: Military Publishing House, 1985. 598 p.
• List of cultural heritage sites of the city of Valuyki in Wikigid