Homeland, Tatyana Mikhailovna

T. M. Rodina was born in Mogilev. Her mother - Vera Nikolaevna Rodina (Bogdanova) - a representative of an old noble family, had a great artistic taste; taught at the gymnasium, later headed the orphanage. Father - Mikhail Moiseevich Rodin - an artist and teacher, after the revolution he worked as a theater decorator. The family moved to Moscow in 1924, they lived in Bogorodsky, in the Sokolnikov district, in a wooden hut. M. M. Rodin participated in the fight against homelessness (he worked as a teacher in a boarding school), then for many years he worked in secondary school No. 315 on Lesnoryadskaya Street; had the title of Honored Teacher, was awarded the Order of Lenin. Perhaps the artistic inclinations of the parents influenced the choice of the future profession of Tatyana Mikhailovna. Interest in the theater appeared in childhood, several of her school drawings remained: a lady in a ball gown, ballerina, masked actor, and a portrait of Shakespeare. Tatiana Mikhailovna did not have her children - she devoted her life to science.

After graduating from school in 1931, T. M. Rodina entered GITIS , the newly formed theater department, which she graduated in 1935. She worked at the Bakhrushinsky Museum , where she began to study the history of Russian theater of the 19th century. She continued her studies at the graduate school of GITIS (1939-1941), but she defended her thesis only after the war. At the beginning of the war, she worked to help the front in a military sewing workshop, then in the WTO - in the repertoire department of front-line theaters . After the war, she was an editor for a short time in the General Repertoire Committee , then in teaching at GITIS (1947-1950). The first scientific publications date back to 1944. In 1946 she defended her thesis on the topic: "Romanticism in Russian drama and theater of the 20s-30s of the XIX century." Soon, two of her books are published in a series of portraits-biographies: about the actors P. N. Orlenev (1948) and V. N. Asenkova (1952).

Since 1950 - scientific editor of the department of music, theater and cinema of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . He is the editor of most of the articles on the sections of theater, cinema and ballet of the 2nd edition of TSB, as well as the author of several important articles on the theater. The fruitful cooperation with the TSB editors continued in subsequent years. T. M. Rodina is one of the leading authors of the 5-volume Theater Encyclopedia (1961-1967). She also owns a large number of publications in TSB of the 3rd edition (1969-1978), both about individual actors and extensive general articles: “Theater”, “Drama (in literature)”, “Acting Art”.

In 1955 she joined the Institute of Art History, now the State Institute of Art Studies (in parallel, for several years she continued to work at the TSB editorial office). The Institute of Art Studies has become her home. From that moment on, all of her main works came out according to the Institute's plan. For many years, T. M. Rodina was an employee of the Theater Sector ^[1] , who headed it in 1961-1963 ^[2] . In 1961, she published the monograph Russian Theater Art at the Beginning of the 19th Century, and soon received the degree of Doctor of Art Criticism (1964) for this work.

Her other fundamental work is “A. Block and Russian Theater of the Beginning of the 20th Century ”was released in 1972. In subsequent years, T. M. Rodina participated in the preparation of the Institute’s collective publications: “Russian Artistic Culture of the Late 19th – Early 20th Century” (1977), “History of the Russian Drama Theater” in 7 vols. (1977-1987), being both an editor and an author of individual sections. In the same period, her monograph on Dostoevsky (1984) was published, which for some reason was greatly reduced in the publishing house. In the last decades of life, T. M. Rodin was deeply occupied with the problem of symbolist drama and symbolist theater (see the book on Blok and materials in Volume 7 of the History of Russian Drama Theater). She was a pioneer in this area, since at that time the named aspect of the cultural life of Russia was hardly studied in theater science. She did not have time to complete some works on this subject, in particular, materials for the work “Theater Criticism of Symbolism” ^[3] were collected and remained unpublished. In addition to these works, T. M. Rodina is the author of articles on the problems of history, theater theory and the current theater process.

Tatyana Mikhailovna was not only an academic scientist, she showed a keen interest in the life of modern theater groups, was in the know of prime ministers, and famous judges of the Russian theater listened to her opinions. Together with colleagues from the WTO, she traveled around the country a lot, participated in theater festivals, shows, held discussions of performances, led a seminar of theater critics. These trips were an important part of her life: “Tatyana Mikhailovna not only knew the theater peripherals, she loved, she felt, like souls of provincial cities ” ^[3] . Many directors, both metropolitan and provincial, appreciated the great help of Tatyana Mikhailovna in the work on the performances. After the trips, detailed reports followed: “The homeland did not write reports — the thorough reviews needed by the theaters and the offices of the WTO-STD and, of course, by itself” ^[3] . She repeatedly participated in trips abroad as part of WTO groups. She was connected with many friends across the country by correspondence; Yu. M. Lotman and Z. G. Mints entered into the circle of these friends , in the archive of which her letters were preserved ^[4] . The man is surprisingly open, sociable, she constantly received numerous guests in her house: these were colleagues, friends, acquaintances, directors from the province who came to get advice, talk about the state of the theater. People were drawn to her, falling under her charm. She was absolutely devoted to the theater; her education, knowledge, impeccable honesty, sincerity manifested themselves in everything that she wrote and reasoned about. She had a sense of words in her blood, Tatyana Mikhailovna knew and loved poetry well, wrote poetry herself, but not for publication. Subsequently, several of her poems were published in the journal "Theater Life" ^[5] . More information about Tatyana Mikhailovna can be found in the memoirs of her colleague in the Sector E. I. Polyakova ^[3] .

In preparing the article used materials from the archives of the State. Institute of Art Studies.

In the early 1990s, in memory of T. M. Rodina , a small planet was named Rodita, discovered in 1969 at the Crimean Observatory ^[6] .

Monographs

• P.N. Orlenev. 1869-1932. M.-L.: Art, 1948. - 64 p.
• Varvara Nikolaevna Asenkova. 1817-1841. M .: Art, 1952. - 59 p.
• Russian theater art at the beginning of the 19th century. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961 .-- 317 p. The text is available on teatr-lib.ru.
• Alexander Blok and Russian theater of the beginning of the XX century. M .: Nauka, 1972.- 312 p. The text is available on teatr-lib.ru.

• Dostoevsky. Narration and drama. M .: Nauka, 1984. - 245 p. Djvu text is available at twirpx.com.

Collective works of the State. Institute of Art Studies (editor, section author)

• Russian art culture of the late XIX - early XX century. Prince 3. 1908-1917. Spectacular arts. Music. M .: Nauka, 1977. (Article: Russian Theater of the Pre-Revolutionary Decade, pp. 11-21). The text is available on teatr-lib.ru.

• History of the Russian Drama Theater : [in 7 vols.] / Editorial: E. G. Kholodov (Ch. Ed.) [And others]. - 2nd ed. - M .: Art , 1977-1987. (Author of sections in vols. 2, 6, 7).

Encyclopedia Articles

• Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 2nd edition: In 49 vols. M .: Big Soviet Encyclopedia, 1949-1958.
• Theatrical Encyclopedia. In 5 vols. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1961-1967. text
• Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 3rd edition: 30 vol. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

(A detailed bibliography by T.M. Rodina from 1945 to 1963 is presented in the Theater Encyclopedia. Text )

• Rodina T.M. // Theater Encyclopedia. T. 4.M., 1965. text
• Page by T. M. Rodina on the website of the theater online library: teatr-lib.ru/Library/Personal/Rodina_Tatyana_Mihailovna.htm .
• Mention by T. M. Rodina in the “Book of Days” .