Far Eastern Federal District

The Federal District was formed by decree of President of Russia V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849 consisting of 10 constituent entities of the Russian Federation - Yakutia , Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, Amur , Kamchatka , Magadan and Sakhalin Regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region , Koryak and Chukotka Autonomous Districts , the center of the district was the city of Khabarovsk.

July 1, 2007, the Kamchatka Region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug, which was part of it, merged into the Kamchatka Territory ; By a decree of May 10, 2015, the relevant amendments were made to the list of districts ^[6] .

By the Decree of the President of Russia No. 632 of November 3, 2018, the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory , formerly part of the Siberian Federal District , were included in the federal district ^[7] .

On December 13, 2018, by the decree of President Vladimir Putin, the center of the Far Eastern Federal District was moved from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok ^[8] .

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the population of the okrug is 8,188,623 ^[3] people. (2019). The population density is 1.33 people / km ² (2019). The urban population is 57.06 ^[11] % (2018).

According to the data of the All-Russian census of 2002 in the Far Eastern Federal District, as of October 9, 2002, 6,692,865 people lived, which made up 4.61% of the population of the Russian Federation. According to the 2010 All-Russian population census, 6 million 293 thousand 126 people lived in the okrug. Thus, over 8 years, the population of the Far Eastern Federal District has decreased by 400 thousand people. Currently, the depopulation process has slowed down, but did not stop. The main cause of demographic losses is the migration outflow of the population ^{[12] [13]}

The population of the FEFD on January 1, 2012 was estimated at 6.27 million people; it is 0.3% less than in 2011 ^[14] . Currently, there is a natural population growth in the district, that is, the birth rate exceeds mortality. In January-October 2012, the birth rate in the Far Eastern Federal District amounted to 13.9 per 1000 people, mortality - 13.1, natural growth rate - 0.8. Moreover, the birth rate in the Far Eastern Federal District is higher than the national average, and the mortality rate is lower. Compared to the previous year, there is an increase in the birth rate, a drop in mortality, and an increase in the rate of natural increase. ^{[14] [15]} The average life expectancy of the Okrug population in 2009 was 66 years, including 60 years for men, 72 years for women, 67 years for the urban population, 64 years for the rural population. The life expectancy of the population of the okrug in recent years has been constantly growing; in 2004-2009, it increased by 3.6 years. ^[sixteen]

Migration

Until the beginning of the 1990s, a constant increase in the population of the region by 30-40% was formed due to the positive migration balance both with other territories of the RSFSR and with other republics and even foreign countries. In connection with the economic crisis that erupted after the collapse of the USSR, the population of the region began to decline, both due to a negative natural increase (with the exception of Yakutia) and due to the growth of the so-called “Western migration drift”. About half of the outflow comes from the so-called return migrants, that is, those who are not natives of the region. Representatives of small non-autochon peoples: Ukrainians , Belarusians , Latvians , Lithuanians , Armenians , Kazakhs , Tatars, and Mordovians are most actively involved in return migration.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, intra-eastern migrations have also undergone a number of changes and are currently characterized by a gradual “drift” of the population from north to south. The Khabarovsk Territory has the greatest attractiveness in terms of surplus, and in the number of positive migratory ties it is ahead of the neighboring Jewish Autonomous Region , tightening the population from all without exception of the Far East territories, including the Khabarovsk Territory itself . The Primorsky Territory , which is actively replenishing its population at the expense of the Sakhalin Oblast (by more than 60%) and all other regions, but losing it in exchange with the Khabarovsk Territory and the EAO, is somewhat less attractive in terms of migration. The Sakhalin region has a slight positive balance of exchange with only three regions of the far north. The positive migration growth of the Kamchatka Territory at the expense of the Sakhalin Region seems somewhat abnormal at first glance, but it is explained by the fact that the population of the northern Kuril Islands has more reliable transport links with Kamchatka than with Sakhalin, to which they are administratively subordinate. The Amur region has a significant positive balance only with Yakutia. The Kamchatka Territory replenishes its population mainly due to the ChAO, as well as the Magadan Region , which is also fueled by the active departure of the population from Yakutia. Ultimately, the Republic of Sakha is the only region that gives the population to all, without exception, the regions of the Far East and the Russian Federation ^[87] .

National composition

National composition in 2010

National composition, according to the 2010 census ^{[88] [89]} :

Total - 6 293 129 people.

1. Russians - 4,964,107 (78.88%)
2. Yakuts - 469 897 (7.47%)
3. Ukrainians - 154 954 (2.46%)
4. Koreans - 56,973 (0.91%)
5. Tatars - 40 003 (0.64%)
6. Evenki - 27,030 (0.43%)
7. Belarusians - 24,502 (0.39%)
8. Evens ( Lamut ) - 22,172 (0.35%)
9. Uzbeks - 19,561 (0.31%)
10. Armenians - 19,157 (0.30%)
11. Azerbaijanis - 16,150 (0.26%)
12. Chukchi - 15 396 (0.24%)
13. Nanay - 11,784 (0.19%)
14. Buryats - 10 942 (0.17%)
15. Kyrgyzstan - 9562 (0.15%)
16. Chinese - 8788 (0.14%)
17. Mordva - 8618 (0.14%)
18. Germans - 8141 (0.13%)
19. Tajiks - 7891 (0.13%)
20. Koryak - 7723 (0.12%)
21. Chuvashs - 7402 (0.12%)
22. Bashkirs - 6784 (0.11%)
23. Moldovans - 6683 (0.11%)
24. Kazakhs - 4687 (0.07%)
25. Jews - 4626 (0.07%)
26. Nivhi - 4544 (0.07%)
27. Itelmen 3092 (0.05%)
28. Mari residents - 2771 (0.04%)
29. Ulchi - 2700 (0.04%)
30. Persons who did not indicate their nationality - 295 359 (4.69%)

National composition in 2002

• Russian - 5 470 759 people. (81.74%)
• Yakuts - 435 610 (6.51%)
• Ukrainians - 283,000 (4.23%)
• Koreans - 61,946 (0.93%)
• Tatars - 55,361 (0.83%)
• Belarusians - 45 342 (0.68%)
• Evenki - 24,761 (0.37%)
• Evens - 18 737 (0.28%)
• Azeris - 18,094 (0.27%)
• Persons who did not indicate their nationality - 43 747 (0.65%)

Languages

The following groups and families predominate in terms of ethno-linguistic composition :

1. Indo-European family - 5 202 564 people. (82.67%)
   1. Slavic group - 5 147 124 (81.79%)
   2. Armenian group - 19 157 (0.30%)
   3. Iranian group - 11,094 (0.18%)
   4. German group - 8608 (0.14%)
   5. Romanesque group - 6982 (0.11%)
2. Altai family - 661,022 (10.50%)
   1. Turkic group - 582,770 (9.26%)
   2. Tungus-Manchu group - 66,740 (1.06%)
   3. Mongolian group - 11 512 (0.18%)
3. Koreans - 56 973 (0.91%)
4. Chukchi-Kamchatka family - 28,077 (0.45%)
5. Ural family - 15 708 (0.25%)
6. North Caucasian family - 10,318 (0.16%)
7. Sino-Tibetan family - 8811 (0.14%)
8. Nivkhi - 4544 (0.07%)
9. Yukagir family - 2534 (0.04%)
10. Kartvelian family - 2359 (0.04%)
11. Eskimo-Aleut family - 2049 (0.03%)

In 2009, the gross regional product (GRP) of the district per capita amounted to 268 thousand rubles, which is 19% higher than the corresponding figure for Russia as a whole. ^[90]

In the 2000s, the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District experienced steady growth, which did not interrupt even during the period of the global economic crisis of 2008-2009. From 1999 to 2010, the gross regional product of the FEFD grew by 73%. At the same time, since 2009, the growth of the GRP district is ahead of the average Russian. So, in 2009, the GRP of the Far Eastern Federal District increased by 1.5% (Russian - decreased by 7.6%), in 2010 - by 6.8% (Russian - by 4.6%). ^[91] In 2011, the volume of GRP increased by 5.4% compared with 2010 and amounted to 2.3 trillion rubles. ^[92]

Sectoral structure of district GRP (according to data for 2010): ^[93]

• Agriculture and forestry, fishing - 6.5%
• Mining and quarrying - 24.7%
• Manufacturing industry - 5.6%
• Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water - 4.2%
• Construction - 12.2%
• Trade - 10.2%
• Hotels and restaurants - 0.8%
• Transport and communications - 13.4%
• Education and health - 7.7%
• Finance and services - 7.3%
• Public administration and military security - 7.4%

The volume of investments in fixed assets in the district in 2010 amounted to 726 billion rubles, or 115 thousand rubles per capita. The volume of investment per capita in the Far Eastern Federal District is almost two times higher than the average Russian level. ^{[94] [95]}

The average salary, pension and income of the population of the district are higher than the average Russian indicators. In 2010, the average salary in the Far Eastern Federal District amounted to 25.8 thousand rubles per month (23% higher than the average for Russia), average income - 20.8 thousand rubles per month (10% higher than the average for Russia), the average pension is 8.9 thousand rubles. From 2000 to 2010, the average nominal wage and the average income in the district increased 8 times, and the pension - 9 times. ^{[96] [97] [98]} However, in view of the harder and more intensive work, as well as the higher price level, the standard of living is generally lower than the Russian average ^[99] . The supply of commodity mass ^{[100] is} lower, the number of poor is higher ^[101] .

The degree of motorization in the district is ahead of the average Russian level. In 2010, the number of cars per 1000 people in the okrug was 235. The highest level of motorization is observed in Kamchatka Krai (372 cars per 1000 inhabitants, 1st place in Russia) and Primorsky Krai (304 cars per 1000 inhabitants, 2- e place in Russia). ^[102]

Settlements with a population of over 60 thousand people

1. Pulikovsky, Konstantin Borisovich from May 18, 2000 to November 14, 2005
2. Iskhakov, Kamil Shamilyevich from November 14, 2005 to October 2, 2007
3. Safonov, Oleg Alexandrovich from October 29, 2007 to April 30, 2009
4. Ishaev, Victor Ivanovich from April 30, 2009 to August 31, 2013
5. Trutnev, Yuri Petrovich since August 31, 2013

• Far Eastern economic region
• Asian part of Russia
• Far East of Russia

• Far Eastern Federal District
• Legislative and regulatory acts of the Far Eastern Federal District