This article will give a list of municipalities and the number of inhabitants in the percentage of speakers of various languages spoken in Finland. In the 53 municipalities of Finland, Finnish is not the only official language. [1] [2] In Finland, as of December 31, 2013, 89.3% of the population speak Finnish, 5.3% Swedish and 0.04% Sami. [3] Both Finnish and Swedish are the official languages of Finland .. [4] According to official figures, a municipality is bilingual if members of the linguistic minority make up at least 8% of the population of the municipality, or at least 3,000 native speakers. [1] And previously bilingual municipalities demanded a bar of 6 to 8% of carriers. If the share of carriers falls below 6%, then the municipality can remain bilingual by government decree, on the recommendation of the city council, over the next ten years. [5] Municipalities that use the 3,000 media rules include the state capital of Helsinki and the cultural center of the Swedish Finns, Turku. On the Åland archipelago, where Finnish is practically absent in everyday life, a language law was not adopted. On the mainland, the highest proportion of Swedish speakers is on the west coast, in Pohjanmaa. [6]
Of the 317 Finnish municipalities, 17 are monolingual, including 16 where Swedish is the only language in the Åland Islands. 32 municipalities where the two languages are Finnish and Swedish; Of these, 14 have a Swedish-speaking majority and only 18 are Finnish-speaking. [1] Four municipalities, all located in Lapland, have a Finnish-speaking majority and a self-speaking minority :. Enontekio, Inari, Sodankila and Utsjoki. [2] Initially, only Swedish was provided as an official language, according to the language law of 1922; [5] Similar provisions were extended to the Sami languages through the 1991 law. [2] The 1922 Act was replaced by a new, but largely similar, law in 2003. [five]
Municipalities
| Name in majority language | Name in minority languages | Name of the community in Russian | Tongue | Percentage of population officially speaking in a language other than Finnish in December 31, 2013 [3] | Provinces |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brändö | - | Brando | Monolingual Swedish | 78.7 | Aland Islands |
| Eckerö | - | Ekkeryo | Monolingual Swedish | 89.1 | Aland Islands |
| Enontekiö | S. Sami Eanodat Swede. Enontekis | Enontekiyo | Finnish majority, Sami minority | 10.8 | Lapland |
| Espoo | Esbo | Espoo | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 7.8 | Uusimaa |
| Finström | - | Finstrom | Monolingual Swedish | 91.7 | Aland Islands |
| Föglö | - | Fogle | Monolingual Swedish | 85.7 | Aland Islands |
| Geta | - | Eta (Åland Islands) | Monolingual Swedish | 87.2 | Aland Islands |
| Hammarland | - | Hammarland | Monolingual Swedish | 92.5 | Aland Islands |
| Hanko | Hangö | Hanko (city) | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 42.8 | Uusimaa |
| Helsinki | Helsingfors | Helsinki | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 5.9 | Uusimaa |
| Inari | Inari Sami Aanaar S. Sami Anár colt-saami. Aanar Swede. Enare | Inari (community) | Finnish majority, Sami minority | 6.4 | Lapland |
| Ingå | Inkoo | Inga ( Inkoo ) | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 54.3 | Uusimaa |
| Jakobstad | Pietarsaari | Pietarsaari (Jacobstad) | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 55.8 | Pohyanmaa |
| Jomala | - | Yomala | Monolingual Swedish | 90.1 | Aland Islands |
| Kaskinen | Kaskö | Cascinen | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 28.5 | Pohyanmaa |
| Kauniainen | Grankulla | Kauniainen | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 35.9 | Uusimaa |
| Kimitoön | Kemiönsaari | Kimiensaari | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 70.3 | Varsinais-Suomi Finland Actually |
| Kirkkonummi | Kyrkslätt | Kirkkonummi | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 17.6 | Uusimaa |
| Kökar | - | Chocar | Monolingual Swedish | 88.4 | Aland Islands |
| Kokkola | Karleby | Kokkola | Finnish majority, Swedish majority | 13.1 | Central Ostrobothnia |
| Korsholm | Mustasaari | Korsholm | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 69.0 | Ostrobothnia |
| Korsnäs | - | Korsnyas | Monolingual Swedish | 87.2 | Ostrobothnia |
| Kristinestad | Kristiinankaupunki | Kristiinankaupunki | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 55.4 | Ostrobothnia |
| Kronoby | Kruunupyy | Kruunupyuu | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 80.7 | Ostrobothnia |
| Kumlinge | - | Kumlinge | Monolingual Swedish | 90.3 | Aland Islands |
| Lapinjärvi | Lappträsk | Lapinjärvi | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 32.8 | Uusimaa |
| Larsmo | Luoto | Larsmo (Luoto) | Monolingual Swedish | 92.5 | Ostrobothnia |
| Lemland | - | Lemland | Monolingual Swedish | 92.9 | Aland Islands |
| Lohja | Lojo | Lohja | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 3.5 | Uusimaa |
| Loviisa | Lovisa | Loviisa | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 42.0 | Uusimaa |
| Lumparland | - | Lumparland | Monolingual Swedish | 91.0 | Aland Islands |
| Malax | Maalahti | Malax | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 86.1 | Ostrobothnia |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina | Mariehamn | Monolingual Swedish | 85.7 | Aland Islands |
| Myrskylä | Mörskom | Murskylä | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 9.8 | Uusimaa |
| Närpes | Närpiö | Seals | Monolingual Swedish | 84.8 | Ostrobothnia |
| Nykarleby | Uusikaarlepyy | Uusikaarlepuu | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 87.3 | Ostrobothnia |
| Pargas | Parainen | Parainen | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 56.4 | Varsinais-Suomi |
| Pedersöre | Pedersören kunta | Pedersøre | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 89.7 | Ostrobothnia |
| Porvoo | Borgå | Porvoo | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 30.4 | Uusimaa |
| Pyhtää | Pyttis | Pühtäa | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 8.1 | Kymenlaakso |
| Raceborg | Raasepori | Raseborg | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 65.4 | Uusimaa |
| Saltvik | - | Saltwick | Monolingual Swedish | 92.8 | Aland Islands |
| Sipoo | Sibbo | Sipoo | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 35.6 | Uusimaa |
| Siuntio | Sjundeå | Siuntio | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 29.6 | Uusimaa |
| Sodankylä | Inari Sami Suáđigil S. Sami Soađegilli colt-saami. Suäˊđjel | Sodankyla | Finnish majority, Sami minority | 1.6 | Lapland |
| Sottunga | - | Sottunga | Monolingual Swedish | 91.0 | Aland Islands |
| Sund | - | Sund | Monolingual Swedish | 92.3 | Aland Islands |
| Turku | Åbo | Turku | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 5.4 | Varsinais-Suomi Finland Actually |
| Uttsoki | S. Sami Ohcejohka Inari Sami Uccjuuhâ colt-saami. Uccjokk | Utsjoki | Finnish majority, Sami minority | 46.0 | Lapland |
| Vaasa | Vasa | Vaasa | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 22.7 | Ostrobothnia |
| Vantaa | Vanda | Vantaa | Finnish majority, Swedish minority | 2.7 | Uusimaa |
| Vårdö | - | Vorde | Monolingual Swedish | 90.1 | Aland Islands |
| Vörå | Vöyri | Voyuri | Swedish majority, Finnish minority | 82.6 | Ostrobothnia |
See also
- Languages of Finland
- Finnish Swedes
- Finnish communities
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 (Finnish) "Ruotsin- ja kaksikieliset kunnat" ("Swedish and Bilingual Municipalities") , at the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities site; accessed June 18, 2014
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kenneth Douglas McRae, Mika Helander, Sari Luoma, Conflict and Compromise in Multilingual Societies: Finland, Volume 3 , p. 231. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-088920-347-1
- ↑ 1 2 "Väestö kielen mukaan sekä ulkomaan kansalaisten määrä ja maa-pinta-ala alueittain 1980 - 2013" ("Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area by region 1980 - 2013" Archived February 13, 2013. , at the Statistics Finland site; accessed June 18, 2014
- ↑ Heikki ES Mattila, Comparative Legal Linguistics , p. 55. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, ISBN 978-075464-874-1
- ↑ 1 2 3 Olli-Pekka Salo, "Finland's Official Bilingualism - A Bed of Roses or of Procrustes?", In Jan Blommaert, Sirpa Leppänen, Päivi Pahta (eds.), Dangerous Multilingualism: Northern Perspectives on Order, Purity and Normality , p. 28–9. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, ISBN 978-023032-141-0
- ↑ Claus D. Pusch, "Old Minorities within a Language Space", in Peter Auer, Jürgen Erich Schmidt (eds.), Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation, Volume 1 , p. 385-6. Walter de Gruyter, 2010, ISBN 978-311018-002-2