System analysis

System analysis arose in the era of the development of computer technology. The success of its application in solving complex problems is largely determined by the modern capabilities of information technology . N. N. Moiseev gives, in his expression, a rather narrow definition of system analysis: “System analysis is a set of methods based on the use of computers and focused on the study of complex systems - technical, economic, environmental , etc. The result of systematic research is, as a rule, the choice of a well-defined alternative: a plan for the development of the region, design parameters, etc. Therefore, the origins of system analysis, its methodological concepts lie in those disciplines that deal with decision-making problems: operations research and general management theory ” .

The value of the systems approach is that consideration of the categories of system analysis provides the basis for a logical and consistent approach to the problem of decision making. The effectiveness of solving problems using system analysis is determined by the structure of the problems being solved.

Classification of problems

According to the classification, all problems are divided into three classes:

• well-structured ( well-structured ), or quantitatively formulated problems in which significant dependencies are very well understood;
• weakly structured ( ill-structured ), or mixed problems that contain both quality elements and little-known, uncertain sides that tend to dominate;
• unstructured ( unstructured ), or qualitatively expressed problems, containing only a description of the most important resources, signs and characteristics, quantitative relationships between which are completely unknown.

Solution Methods

To solve well-structured quantitatively expressed problems, the well-known operations research methodology is used, which consists in constructing an adequate mathematical model (for example, linear , nonlinear , dynamic programming problems, queuing theory problems, game theory , etc.) and applying methods to find the optimal control strategy targeted actions.

System analysis provides the following system methods and procedures for use in various sciences and systems:

• abstraction and concretization
• analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction
• formalization and specification
• composition and decomposition
• linearization and selection of nonlinear components
• structuring and restructuring
• prototyping
• reengineering
• algorithmization
• modeling and experiment
• program management and regulation
• recognition and identification
• clustering and classification
• expert assessment and testing
• verification

and other methods and procedures.

Decision Making Procedure

To solve poorly structured problems, a system analysis methodology and decision support systems (DSS) are used. Consider the technology of applying system analysis to solving complex problems.

The decision-making procedure according to [2] includes the following main steps:

1. formulation of the problem situation;
2. setting goals;
3. determination of criteria for achieving goals;
4. building models to justify decisions;
5. search for the optimal (acceptable) solution;
6. coordination of the decision;
7. preparation of decisions for implementation;
8. approval of the decision;
9. management of the implementation of the solution;
10. checking the effectiveness of the solution.

For multivariate analysis, the algorithm can be described more precisely:

1. a description of the conditions (factors) for the existence of problems, AND, OR, and NOT the binding between conditions;
2. denial of conditions, finding any technically possible ways. A solution requires at least one single path. All And change to OR, OR change to AND, and DO NOT change to confirmation, confirmation changes to NOT-binding;
3. recursive analysis of the resulting problems from the found paths, that is, item 1 and item 2 again for each sub-problem;
4. an assessment of all the found solutions according to the criteria of the outgoing sub-problems, reduced to material or other total cost.

• Institute for System Analysis, Russian Academy of Sciences
• Operations research
• Meta-analysis
• System analysis technique
• Problem solving
• Synergetics
• Decision support system
• Systems approach
• Decision theory
• Transdisciplinarity

• Logistics Analysis
• Institute for System Analysis, Russian Academy of Sciences
• SCHOOL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
• Free introductory course "Setting the task for software development"

• Blauberg I.V. , Sadovsky V.N. , Yudin E.G. System approach in systems science, problems of system research methodology. - M., Thought, 1970.
• Blauberg I.V. , Yudin E.G. Formation and essence of the systems approach. - M., Science, 1973.
• Sadovsky VN Foundations of the general theory of systems. - M., Thought, 1974.